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  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1910-1914
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopy of the hydrated hydronium cluster ions H3O+⋅(H2O)n (n=1, 2, 3) (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7319-7330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas phase infrared spectra of the hydrated hydronium cluster ions H3O+⋅(H2O)n(n=1, 2, 3) have been observed from 3550 to 3800 cm−1. The new spectroscopic method developed for this study is a two color laser scheme consisting of a tunable cw infrared laser with 0.5 cm−1 resolution used to excite the O–H stretching vibrations and a cw CO2 laser that dissociates the vibrationally excited cluster ion through a multiphoton process. The apparatus is a tandem mass spectrometer with a radio frequency ion trap that utilizes the following scheme: the cluster ion to be studied is first mass selected; spectroscopic interrogation then occurs in the radio frequency ion trap; finally, a fragment ion is selected and detected using ion counting techniques. The vibrational spectra obtained in this manner are compared with that taken previously using a weakly bound H2 "messenger.'' A spectrum of H7 O+3 taken using a neon messenger is also presented. Ab initio structure and frequency predictions by Remington and Schaefer are compared with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectra of the cluster ions H7O+3⋅H2 and H9O+4⋅H2 (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 2328-2329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared spectra of hydrated hydronium ions weakly bound to an H2 molecule, specifically H7O+3 ⋅H2 and H9O+4 ⋅H2, have been observed. Mass-selected parent ions, trapped in a radio frequency ion trap, are excited by a tunable infrared laser; following absorption, the complex predissociates with loss of the H2, and the resulting fragment ions are detected. Spectra have been taken from 3000 to 4000 cm−1, with a resolution of 1.2 cm−1. They are compared to recent theoretical and experimental spectra of the hydronium ion hydrates alone. Binding an H2 molecule to these clusters should only weakly perturb their vibrations; if so, our spectra should be similar to spectra of the hydrated hydronium ions H7O+3 and H9O+4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced Plant Responses to Herbivory (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 20 (1989), S. 331-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001555
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for length and weight of marine net-pen reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for length and weight of two brood years (BY 1977 and BY 1978) of coho salmon [Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)] during the marine net-pen phase of rearing. The estimates were calculated from length and weight measurements on progeny resulting from a nested mating design and measurements at approximately 4 and 7 months after entering sea water. Point estimate for heritabilities based on the sire component for BY 1977 were low to moderate (0.02–0.19) and did not differ significantly from zero. On the other hand, BY 1978 estimates ranged from 0.31 to 0.62 and, with two exceptions, were significantly different from zero. The latter estimates may have been inflated by inclusion of variances from non-additive sources, but still indicated that differences in the genetic potential for increased growth between the two year classes may be substantial. Genetic correlations between length and weight within sampling periods were consistently high (0.95–1.00), indicating that pleiotropic gene action or close linkage among genes affects length and weight. Genetic correlations between body size traits (length and weight) between sampling periods varied considerably but suggested a potential for indirect selection gains. Genetic correlation approximations derived using family means or ranks appeared to provide reliable estimates and may be useful when environmental influences cause a significant deviation from normality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00556.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing diversity in salmon from the Pacific Northwest (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Information developed during recently completed evaluations of the status of seven species of anadromous Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest was used to characterize patterns of intraspecific diversity along three major axes: ecology, life history and biochemical genetics. Within the study area, the species’ ranges, and therefore the number of distinct ecological regions inhabited differ considerably, with pink and chum salmon limited to the northern areas and chinook salmon and steelhead distributed over the widest geographic range. The species showed comparable differences in the patterns of life history and genetic diversity, with chinook and sockeye salmon and steelhead having the most major diversity groups and pink, chum and coho salmon having the least. Both life history and genetic diversity showed a strong, positive correlation with the extent of ecological diversity experienced by a species, and the correlation between the number of major genetic and life history groups within a species was even stronger (r=0.96; P〈0.05). Departures from these general diversity relationships found in some species (especially sockeye and coho salmon and cutthroat trout) can be explained by different interactions with the freshwater environment and, for cutthroat trout, by the occurrence of substantial intrapopulational diversity in life history traits, a hierarchical level not considered in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb01376.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population fluctuations of the western tent caterpillar in southwestern British Columbia (2000)
    Springer
    Population ecology 42 (2000), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-5613
    Keywords: Key words Population cycles ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; NPV ; Insect quality ; Metapopulation ; Island populations ; Forest tent caterpillars ; Sublethal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic populations of western tent caterpillars fluctuate with a periodicity of 6–11 years in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Typically, larval survival is high in early stages of the population increase, begins to decline midway through the increase phase, and is low through several generations of the population decline. Fecundity is generally high in increasing and in peak populations but is also reduced during the population decline. Poor survival and low fecundity for several generations cause the lag in recovery of populations that is necessary for cyclic dynamics. The dynamics of tent caterpillar populations vary among sites, which suggests a metapopulation structure; island populations in the rainshadow of Vancouver Island have more consistent cyclic dynamics than mainland populations in British Columbia. Sudden outbreaks of populations that last a single year suggest that dispersal from source to sink populations may occur late in the phase of population increase. Wellington earlier discussed qualitative variation among tent caterpillar individuals as an aspect of population fluctuations. The variation in caterpillar activity he observed was largely statistically nonsignificant. Recent observations show that the frequency of elongate tents as described by Wellington to characterize active caterpillars varies among populations but does not change in a consistent pattern with population density. The level of infection from nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was high in some populations at peak density but was not associated with all population declines. Sublethal infection can reduce the fecundity of surviving moths, and there is a weak association between viral infection and egg mass size in field populations. The impact of weather in synchronizing or desynchronizing populations is a factor to be investigated further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The age of (a tiny part of) the Australian continent (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 317 (1985), S. 559-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SCH„RER and All¨gre1, using isotope dilution analysis of single grains and fragments of zircon, recently failed to substantiate a report by Froude et al.2, based on the ion microprobe SHRIMP3, of zircons older than 4,100 Myr from Mt Narryer, Western Australia. In their discussion, Sch¤rer and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317559c0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perception of apparent motion by commissurotomy patients (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 320 (1986), S. 358-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We investigated motion perception by commissurotomy patients whose corpus callosum, anterior commissure, hippo-campal commissure and massa intermedia (when encountered) had been sectioned surgically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy3'4. An intact corpus callosum is presumed to be involved ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/320358a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bypassing prefertilization barriers to hybridization in Nicotiana using in vitro pollination and fertilization (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wide hybridization ; Tissue culture ; Ovary culture ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In vitro pollination of placenta attached ovules was useful in bypassing unilateral incongruity barriers for several Nicotiana interspecific hybrid combinations (N. tabacum cv. ‘Ky 17’ X N. amplexicaulis, ‘Ky 17’ X N. benthamiana, and ‘Ky 17’ X N. repanda). By measuring the pollen tube growth over time, prefertilization barriers were determined to be the cause of the incongruity. Seedling necrosis was a problem in the development of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid and it prevented maturation of the N. repanda hybrid. Callus produced from cotyledons of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid eventually resulted in plants that survived to maturity. This procedure was not successful for the N. repanda materials. The N. amplexicaulis and N. benthamiana hybrids were sterile but following chromosome doubling by midrib culture, male and female fertile plants were produced. Conventional hybridization, fertilized ovule culture, and in vitro pollination were unsuccessful in obtaining hybrids of ‘Ky 17’ crossed with N. arentsii or N. bonariensis. Apparently, strong postfertilization barriers prevent the production of viable seed of these hybrids. Each of the N. repanda — N. tabacum reciprocal hybrids could not be rescued using callus culture; this adds support to the existence of strong sexual postfertilization barriers. A recent report, however, showed that it was possible to obtain this hybrid using the technique of somatic hybridization. Thus, it appears that it may also be possible to obtain asexual hybrids of N. arentsii and N. bonariensis with N. tabacum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260773
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro regeneration in Trifolium. 1. Direct somatic embryogenesis in T. rubens (L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture ; histology ; Trifolium ; zygotic embryogenesis ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The origin and development of zygotic and somatic embryos of Trifolium rubens L. was studied with the aid of paraffin sections and light microscopy. Zygotic embryos were collected, fixed and prepared daily from one to ten days after cross-pollination. Somatic embryos were obtained by plating petiole sections on modified L2 medium with 0.015 mgl-1 picloram and 0.1 mgl-1 6-BAP. Cultured petioles were collected and fixed daily from one to 25 days after plating. Two regions in the vascular bundle sheath of cultured petioles gave rise to callus. The first region was adjacent to the phloem fibers and produced friable callus. The second region gave rise to compact callus that was connected to the fascicular cambium. Somatic embryos originated from single cells in the cortex directly without intervening callus formation and from single cells in the friable callus. In addition, embryos arose from meristematic regions in compact callus. Many early stages of embryogenesis (one, two and four-celled stages) were observed in the cortex and friable callus. Zygotic embryogenesis in Trifolium differs from other legumes in that the suspensor is short and has a broad attachment. This arrangement was observed in zygotic embryos of T. rubens and in many somatic embryos. However, a continuum of somatic embryogenesis was observed where some young embryos had a Trifolium suspensor-like arrangement while others were attached to a long narrow suspensor-like structure more characteristic of Medicago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039887
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