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  • 1990-1994  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genomic structure of two ancestral haplotypes carrying C4A duplications (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 34 (1991), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ancestral haplotypes (AH) HLA A24, Bw52, C2C, BfS, C4A3 + 2, C4BQO, DRw15, DQw6 (52.1) and HLA A24, Cw7, B7, C2C, BfS, C4A3 + 3, C4B1, DR1, DQw5 (7.2), which occur with the haplotype frequencies of approximately 10% and 4% respectively in the Japanese population, carry duplicated C4A alleles by C4 allotyping. Southern blot analysis with Taq I indicated that the 52.1 AH has two C4 genes defined by 7.0 kilobase (kb) and 6.0 kb C4 hybridizing fragments but both encode C4A allotypes, being C4A3 and C4A2 respectively. The 7.2 AH carries two C4A3 and one C4B1 alleles and restriction lenght polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with Taq I showed that 6.0 kb and 7.0 kb fragments are in the proportion of 2:1. By pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, the lengths of the Pvul fragments carrying C4 and Cyp21 genes were approximately 390 kb for 52.1 and 440 kb to 7.2. The results indicate that the RFLP markers do not correlate with C4 isotype (A or B) or allotype and that the C4 gene copy number is a function of the number of genomic blocks containing C4 and Cyp21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and evolution of C4 and CYP21 genes in primates: importance of genomic segments (1993)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 37 (1993), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationship between two central major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, C4 and CYP21, was investigated by employing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses in human and nonhuman primates. Using Taq I in conjunction with C4 and CYP21 probes, it has been found that there are four major types of C4 genes [defined by 7.0, 6.4, 6.0, and 5.4 kilobases (kb) Taq I fragments] and two major types of CYP21 genes (3.7 and 3.2 kb fragments) in human and nonhuman primates including chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. All of the eight possible combinations of C4 and CYP21 genes can be identified on one or more human ancestral haplotypes (AH). It is concluded that each of the major types of C4 and CYP21 (and each of the combinations between these) predated human speciation. PFGE analysis with Mlu I and Pvu I suggested that each C4 + CYP21 segment has a specific length of 30–50 kb and that each AH carries one, two, three, or even more segments. In the case of C4, it is important to note that there is no simple relationship between the RFLP and the protein classifications. Thus, at least some of the expressed polymorphisms could be relatively recent in that they are carried by the same or different gene types. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that M MHC AHs have been formed from a large pool of specific genomic segments and that further haplospecific polymorphism has developed subsequently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191881
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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