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  • 1990-1994  (5)
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  • 1
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    Ozone reference models for the middle atmosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data on monthly latitudinal variations in middle-atmosphere vertical ozone profiles are presented, based on extensive Nimbus-7, AE-2, and SME satellite measurements from the period 1978-1982. The coverage of the data sets, the characteristics of the sensors, and the analysis techniques applied are described, and the results are compiled in tables and graphs. These ozone data are intended to supplement the models of the 1986 COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 10; 12, 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Analysis of radiation parameters derived from the multisatellite Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: To quantify the diurnal radiative heating and cooling cycles of the earth and the atmosphere, data from instruments on the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) spacecraft and NOAA-9 satellites obtained from February 1985 through January 1986 were used to investigate longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) flux as well as albedo for each month of the year. Seasonal variations of radiative parameters and their diurnal cycles are examined for the deserts, vegetated land, and oceans over the globe. The results show significant seasonal variations in both the outgoing LW and the absorbed SW flux, and a pronounced difference was found between oceanic and continental surfaces. Over much of the globe, LW warming is balanced by SW cooling, and clouds have a net cooling effect on the earth. Many areas of the earth were found to exhibit significant diurnal variations in both the LW flux and albedo.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sept. 3-7, 1990; London; United Kingdom
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Effect of cloud cover and surface type on earth's radiation budget derived from the first year of ERBE data (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: One year of ERBE data is analyzed for variations in outgoing LW and absorbed solar flux. Differences in land and ocean radiation budgets as well as differences between clear-sky and total scenes, including clouds, are studied. The variation of monthly average radiative parameters is examined for February 1985 through January 1986 for selected study regions and on zonal and global scales. ERBE results show significant seasonal variations in both outgoing LW and absorbed SW flux, and a pronounced difference between oceanic and continental surfaces. The main factors determining cloud radiative forcing in a given region are solar insolation, cloud amount, cloud type, and surface properties. The strongest effects of clouds are found in the midlatitude storm tracks over the oceans. Over much of the globe, LW warming is balanced by SW cooling. The annual-global average net cloud forcing shows that clouds have a net cooling effect on the earth for the year.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; Jul 23, 1990 - Jul 27, 1990; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Seasonal variation of the diurnal cycles of earth's radiation budget determined from ERBE (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: ERBE scanner data from the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite and NOAA-9 satellites obtained from February 1985 through January 1986 are used to investigate the diurnal cycles of both LW radiation and albedo for each month of the year. Seasonal variations of the diurnal cycles are examined for the deserts, vegetated land, and oceans over the globe. Comparisons are made between clear-sky and total-scene conditions. ERBE satellite data showed that many areas of the earth exhibit significant diurnal variations in both LW flux and albedo. The LW diurnal range was found to be greatest for deserts and smallest for oceans, whereas the albedo diurnal amplitude factor is a maximum over the tropical oceans and a minimum over land. Cloud cover and seasonal variations have a major effect on the diurnal cycles. Generally, maximum diurnal ranges were found in the summer hemisphere and minimum values in the winter hemisphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; Jul 23, 1990 - Jul 27, 1990; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Characteristics of the earth's radiation budget derived from the first year of data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The first year of broadband Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data is analyzed for top-of-the-atmosphere regional variations of outgoing longwave (LW) flux and planetary albedo for total scene as well as clear-sky conditions. The annual variation of radiative parameters is examined for February 1985 through January 1986 for selected regions, latitude zones, and the entire globe. Results show significant seasonal variations for both LW fluxes and albedo. A broad longwave flux maximum (with a relative minimum corresponding to the intertropical convergence zone in the middle) covers the tropics and the subtropics with its center moving about 20 deg in latitude between seasonal extremes. Minimum albedo (about 20 percent) occurs within 15 deg of the equator. In the tropics and midlatitudes, there is a tendency toward higher albedos during the summer. Larger albedos at the higher latitudes are caused by solar zenith angle effects and by increased snow and ice cover. Net warming occurs between 35 deg N and 35 deg S latitude near the equinoxes and in a 90-deg-wide latitude band at the solstices centered around 35 deg latitude in the summer hemisphere. This energy surplus at lower latitudes coupled with an energy deficit in the poleward regions is the primary driver of atmospheric circulations. For the year, the global net radiation is nearly in balance.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Long-term Monitoring of the Earth''s Radiation Budget; Apr 17, 1990 - Apr 18, 1990; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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