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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models of the cytochromes b. Low-spin bis-ligated (porphinato)iron(III) complexes with unusual molecular structures and NMR, EPR, and Moessbauer spectra (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 7066-7075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a017
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Registry System. 13. Enhanced handling of stereochemistry (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical information and modeling 31 (1991), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00002a005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for measuring the specific heat of small samples (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 814-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique for measuring the specific heat of small samples over a wide temperature range is described. The method uses a sequence of increasing and decreasing power levels applied to a heater thermally attached to a sample and thermometer with the entire assembly connected to a heat reservoir through a weak thermal link. By recording the temperature both on the heating and cooling portions of the sequence, the heat loss to the surroundings automatically can be eliminated from the calculation of the specific heat. The measuring system and data analysis technique are described. Example data of the specific heat change at the superconducting transition of 34 mg of In are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polygalacturonase expression during leaf abscission of normal and transgenic tomato plants (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscission (leaf) ; Leaf (abscission) ; Lyco persicon (abscission) ; Polygalacturonase ; Transgenic tomato (antisense RNA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15), an enzyme commonly found in ripening fruit, has also been shown to be associated with abscission. A zone-specific rise in PG activity accompanies the abscission of both leaves and flowers of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Studies of transgenic plants expressing an antisense RNA for fruit PG indicate that although the enzyme activity in transgenic fruit is 〈 1 % of that in untransformed fruit, the PG activity in the leaf abscission zone increases during separation to a similar value to that in untransformed plants. The timing and rate of leaf abscission in transgenic plants are unaffected by the introduction of the antisense gene. A polyclonal antibody raised against tomato fruit PG does not recognise the leaf abscission protein. Furthermore a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone (pTOM6), which has been demonstrated to code for fruit PG, does not hybridise to mRNA isolated from the abscission-zone region of tomato leaves. These results indicate that the PG protein in abscission zones of tomato is different from that in the fruit, and that the gene coding for this protein may also be different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197577
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of increasing application rate of granular calcium ammonium nitrate on net nitrification in a laboratory study of grassland soils (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: calcium ammonium nitrate ; granules ; nitrification ; rate of application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil incubation studies were undertaken in controlled environment cabinets at 15°C to investigate the effect of increasing application rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) on net nitrification in two grassland soils. Granular CAN was applied to the surface of freshly collected, moist soil, at a rate equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600µg NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N per gram of oven dry soil. In half the treatments finely ground CaCO3 was incorporated into the moist soil to raise the starting pH. Changes in soil mineral N and pH were measured at weekly intervals up to six-weeks. The most probable number (MPN) technique was used to enumerate the NH 4 + -N and NO 2 - -N oxidizers at the beginning and end of the incubation. At low rates of CAN application there was considerable NH 4 + -N oxidation to NO 3 - -N during the incubation of both soils. Lime stimulated this N transformation. At high application rates (i.e. 800 and 1600 ppm) there was little change in NH 4 + -N or NO 3 - -N on either soil during the 6 week incubation, in the presence or absence of lime. The rate of NO 3 - -N produced peaked at 5.6 and 3.8 mg NO 3 - -N kg−1 d−1 on soil 1 and 2 respectively, in the presence of lime. Above a level of 400 ppm CAN (equivalent to 38 kg N ha−1) the rate of NO 3 - -N produced decreased. The higher rate of net nitrification in soil 1 compared with soil 2 was probably due to a higher number of nitrifying bacteria. Although high rates of CAN decreased the nitrifying activity of both soils there was little difference between treatments in the actual numbers of NH 4 + -N and NO 2 - -N oxidizers determined by the MPN technique. The results showed that the rate of granular CAN applied to the soil surface can influence the local activity of nitrifying bacteria and subsequent N transformations. At application rates of CAN generally used agriculturally for grass production, it is likely that net nitrification of the NH 4 + -N in the fertilizer granule will be inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to seed deterioration in cotton (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cotton ; seed germination ; Gossypium hirsutum ; inheritance ; seed deterioration ; imbibition ; vigor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Deterioration of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., seed can adversely affect stands, seedling vigor, and subsequent performance of plants, but deterioration can be lessened by improved genetic resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of physical and germination characteristics of cotton seed and to determine the inheritance of resistance to seed deterioration. Physical (weight, volume, density, and imbibition rate) and germination (germination of non-deteriorated seed and deteriorated seed) characteristics were determined for eight cotton genotypes. In addition, imbibition rate and the germination characteristics were determined for all possible F1, including reciprocals, combinations of the eight genotypes. Variation among the parents for germination of deteriorated seed and imbibition rate were significantly, highly correlated (r=−0.97) and intrinsically related. Resistance to seed deterioration tended to increase as seed weight and volume decreased. Significant genetic effects were found for imbibition rate and germination of both non-deteriorated and deteriorated seed. However, general combining ability (GCA) accounted for only 21% of the variation in crosses sums of squares for germination of non-deteriorated seed. In contrast, GCA accounted for 90% of the variation for germination of deteriorated seed and imbibition rate. A breeding approach involving selection of early generation seed for ability to survive hot water treatment, then evaluating later generations for imbibition rate is suggested as a means to improve resistance to seed deterioration in cotton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022366
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of urea pellet size and rate of application on ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Urea ; pellet size ; ammonia volatilization ; rate of application ; soil mineral nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pellet size and rate of application on NH3 volatilization from surface-applied urea and on subsequent soil N transformations. In the first experiment fertilizer grade urea was applied as prills (1–2 mm diameter) or in four commercially available granule sizes with diameters of 2–3 mm, 3–4 mm, 5–6.3 mm and 6.3–8 mm. The five urea pellet sizes were applied to the soil surface of one soil at various N rates. In the second experiment four soils were used where the different pellet sizes were applied at a single application rate. The daily rates of NH3 loss were measured over 14 days in the laboratory under simulated spring conditions using ventilated enclosures. In the first experiment the highest total NH3 loss (Amax) was 17.4% of the urea N applied. Amax increased curvilinearly with rate of N applied up to the equivalent of 200 kg N ha−1. Higher rates of application did not lead to any further increase. Increasing the rate of N applied delayed the time to maximum rate of loss (Tmax), lowered soil NO 3 - —N levels and decreased total mineral N that could be recovered at the end of the incubation. The effect of pellet size on NH3 volatilization was dependent on soil type. On 2 soils studied pellet size had no significant effect whereas on other soils large granules could decrease or increase NH3 loss. However the effects were small. There was little difference on any of the soils between prills and the three smallest granule sizes on Amax or Tmax. The greatest effect was with the largest granules on soil 2. There was little difference between granule sizes on soil N transformations. However, N transformations from prills appeared to be different to the other pellet sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049746
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency and future potential of urea for temperate grassland (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 341-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Urea ; temperate grassland ; ammonia volatilization ; calcium ammonium nitrate ; efficiency ; future potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of urea as a grassland fertilizer under temperate conditions has been assessed in a wide variety of comparisons with either ammonium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Data from the British Isles have been evaluated and compared to results mainly from continental Europe. In general urea is as good as CAN early in the growing season, but less-effective in summer. There is no evidence to indicate that urea is significantly more variable that CAN for spring grass production. Maximum yields with urea are lower than those with CAN. The principal reason for inefficiency of urea is volatilization loss of ammonia. Chemodenitrification is also likely to be important but has not been quantified satisfactorily. In contrast, leaching and denitrification are the principal loss processes with ammonium nitrate. The translation of nitrogen uptake into dry matter yield may be less effective with urea than with CAN. A wide variety of strategies have potential for improving the efficiency of urea and these have been reviewed. Recent developments with urease inhibitors offer the promise of an effective compound in the near future. Such a development could lead to urea displacing ammonium nitrate as the dominant N fertilizer on temperate grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048772
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment on an external-ion-source Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A continuous-flow sample interface for fast-atom bombardment has been developed for use on an external-ion-source Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass specstrometer. The new interface provides a quick and convenient means for sample introduction. A suppression of common glycerol matrix ions was observed when compared to static analysis. High mass resolution, exact mass measurements, and tandem mass spectrometry spectra were obtained on a sample of Gramicidin S.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050509
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a truncated tomato polygalacturonase gene inhibits expression of the endogenous gene in transgenic plants (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 224 (1990), S. 477-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Down regulation ; Gene expression ; Polygalacturonase ; Sense gene ; Transgenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tomato plants were transformed with a chimaeric polygalacturonase (PG) gene, designed to produce a truncated PG transcript constitutively. In these plants expression of the endogenous PG gene was inhibited during ripening, resulting in a substantial reduction in PG mRNA and enzyme accumulation. This inhibition was comparable to that achieved previously using antisense genes. The expression of the truncated gene in ripe fruit was substantially lower than its expression in green fruit. Thus expression of both the endogenous and truncated genes is reduced in ripe fruit in which both are active. The implication of this observation is discussed in relation to the possible mechanism whereby sense constructs inhibit gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262443
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