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  • 1990-1994  (219)
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  • 1
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    Rechargeable lithium batteries with aqueous electrolytes (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that use an aqueous electrolyte have been developed. Cells with LiMn(2)O(4) and VO(2)(B) as electrodes and 5 M LiNO(3) in water as the electrolyte provide a fundamentally safe and cost-effective technology that can compete with nickelcadmium and lead-acid batteries on the basis of stored energy per unit of weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, W -- Dahn, J R -- Wainwright, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Magnetoreception in honeybees (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-01
    Description: Magnetoreception by honeybees (Apis mellifera) is demonstrated by such activities as comb building and homing orientation, which are affected by the geomagnetic field. In other magnetoreceptive species, iron oxide crystals in the form of magnetite have been shown to be necessary for primary detection of magnetic fields. Here it is shown that trophocytes, which are apparently the only iron granule-containing cells in honeybees, contain super-paramagnetic magnetite. These cells are innervated by the nervous system, which suggests that trophocytes might be primarily responsible for magnetoreception. Electron microscopy also shows cytoskeletal attachments to the iron granule membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, C Y -- Li, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 1;265(5168):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17774695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Use of a dihydrogen osmium complex as a versatile 1H NMR recognition probe (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: A new recognition probe for biomolecules, [en2Os(eta 2-H2)]2+ (1; en, ethylenediamine), is reported. In aqueous solution, 1 binds readily to a variety of biomolecules, including nucleotides, RNA, amino acids, peptides, and phospholipids. In each case, binding leads to a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) for the dihydrogen that appears in a spectral window in the range delta = 0 to -20 parts per million, and as well to characteristic values of the coupling JHD and of the relaxation time T1. Small structural differences in molecules such as DGMP (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate) and IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) or Asp and Glu can readily be distinguished, such as when 1 binds to the N-7 position of the nucleobase of DGMP or IMP and when 1 binds to the carboxylate of Asp or Glu. Upon one-electron oxidation of the metal center, diamagnetic 1 is converted to a paramagnetic probe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Z W -- Taube, H -- GM13638-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1348872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*chemistry ; Aspartic Acid ; Deoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; *Ethylenediamines ; Glutamates ; Glutamic Acid ; Hydrogen ; Indicators and Reagents ; Ligands ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; *Osmium ; Ribonucleotides/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Measurement of the mass of the τ lepton (1992)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-23
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photophysics of a 2,7-dimethoxy-N-methylcarbazole-based polysiloxane (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 2315-2322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a026
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the correlation of mutation rate with GC content and the origin of GC-rich isochores (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 38 (1994), S. 468-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA replication ; Misincorporation ; Correction ; Nucleotide precursors ; Variation in mutation rate ; Variation in G + C content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on the biochemical kinetics of DNA replication and mutagenesis, including misincorporation and correction, a model has been developed for studying the relationships among the mutation rate (u), the G + C content of the sequence (f), and the G + C proportion in the nucleotide precursor pool (N). Also a measure for the next-nucleotide effect, called the maximum capacity of the next-nucleotide effect (MC), has been proposed. Under the normal physiological conditions of mammalian germ cells, our results indicate: (1) the equilibrium G + C content in a sequence is approximately equal to the G + C proportion in the nucleotide precursor pool, i.e., f ≈ N, which is independent of the next-nucleotide effect; (2) an inverted-V-shaped distribution of mutation rates with respect to G + C contents is predicted, when the next-nucleotide effect is week, i.e., MC ≈ 1; (3) the distribution becomes flatter (i.e., inverted-U-shaped) as MC increases, but the peak at 50% GC is still observed when MC 〈 2; and (4) the peak disappears when MC 〉 2.8, that is, when the next-nucleotide effect becomes strong. Our results suggest that changes in the relative concentrations of nucleotide precursors can cause variations among genes both in mutation rate and in G + C content and that compositional isochores (DNA segments with a homogeneous G + C content) can arise in a genome due to differences in replication times of DNA segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178846
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the temperature and concentration dependence of the refractive index of a liquid mixture (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 5058-5069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have developed a sensitive interferometric technique for measuring the temperature derivative of the refractive index of liquids with an accuracy of 0.5% as illustrated by measurements with mixtures of liquid n-hexane and toluene. In addition the concentration dependence of the refractive index of these mixtures has been measured with refractometry. The experimentally observed temperature dependence of the refractive index appears to be consistent with a modification of the Lorentz–Lorenz relation proposed by Looyenga.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467428
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-beam epitaxial growth and characterization of silicon-doped AlGaAs and GaAs on (311)A GaAs substrates and their device applications (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3129-3135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The possibility of reliable and reproducible p-type doping of (311)A GaAs by Si during molecular-beam epitaxial growth and the application of such doping in the realization of high-performance electronic devices have been investigated. It is seen that p-type doping upto a free hole concentration of 4×1019 cm−3 can be obtained under conditions of low As4 flux and high (≥660 °C) growth temperatures. n-type doping up to a level of 1×1019 cm−3 is obtained at low (≤500 °C) growth temperature and high As4 flux. The p-type doping is extremely reproducible and the incorporation of Si atoms into electrically active As sites is at least 95%. The doping behavior has been studied and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. n-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by all Si doping exhibit excellent current voltage characteristics and a common emitter current gain β=240. Doped channel p-type heterojunction field-effect transistors have transconductance gm=25 mS/mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351474
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional magnetic order in Pb2Sr2TbCu3O8 : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6598-6600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to investigate the magnetic ordering of the Tb ions in polycrystalline Pb2Sr2TbCu3O8. Significant magnetic correlations are found to develop below ∼10 K, and these correlations are two dimensional in nature, representative of the strongly anisotropic magnetic interactions in these layered materials. The correlation length increases with decreasing temperature, and long-range order is observed to develop at TN≈5.5 K. However, the sawtooth Bragg profile for the scattering demonstrates that the long-range order is two dimensional, rather than three dimensional, with a spin configuration where nearest-neighbor spins are antiparallel. The scattering profile can be explained quantitatively by assuming long-range order within the ab plane, with no significant correlations along the c axis to the lowest temperatures measured (1.36 K). Our results suggest that the system is well described by a two-dimensional Ising model. The only other (pure) system where a crossover to three-dimensional behavior is not observed is DyBa2Cu4O8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356907
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of R2Fe17−xGax compounds (R=Y, Ho) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6740-6742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural and magnetic properties of the R2Fe17−xGax compounds (R=Y, Ho, 0≤x≤6) have been investigated. All investigated Ho2Fe17−xGax compounds with x(approximately-greater-than)2.5 crystallize in the Th2Zn17-type structure and the others in the Th2Ni17-type structure. The substitution of Ga for Fe leads to an increase in lattice constants a, c, and unit-cell volume, a decrease of the average Fe moment, and a maximum of the Curie temperature as a function of the Ga concentration at x=3, for both Y2Fe17−xGax and Ho2Fe17−xGax compounds. The high magnetic field leads to a spin phase transition from the ferromagnetic to the canted phase. The critical field Bc of the transition decreases with increasing Ga concentration. The exchange interaction constants JTT between Fe–Fe spins and JRT between R–T spins have been derived from a mean field analysis of Curie temperature. It has been found that JTT increases at first, going through a maximum at x=3, then decreases with increasing x, whereas JRT is almost independent of the Ga content, which is consistent with the result obtained from a mean field analysis of the high field magnetization curves of the Ho2Fe17−xGax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358147
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