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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect on an acoustic wave as it traverses an unsteady expansion (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 717-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The shift in fundamental frequency that occurs in acoustic waves is obtained for waves traversing an unsteady expansion. It is shown analytically that downstream of the unsteady expansion all frequencies approach one of an infinite number of discrete frequencies independent of the frequency upstream of the unsteady expansion. This theoretical analysis is used to accurately predict the period of noise observed in an expansion tube when operated at low enthalpies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Cyclodextrins, a Novel Carbohydrate, in the Tubers of Transgenic Potato Plants (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 9 (1991), S. 982-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides containing six (α), seven (β), or eight (γ) glucose molecules, respectively. The cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGT), which produce CDs from starch, are found only in bacteria and are used in batch fermentors with hydrolyzed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1091-982
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an RFLP linkage map in diploid peanut species (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Arachis sp. ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An RFLP linkage map of peanut has been developed for use in genetic studies and breeding programs aimed at improving the cultivated species (Arachis hypogaea L.). An F2 population derived from the interspecific hybridization of two related diploid species in the sectionArachis (A. stenosperma ×A. cardenasii) was used to construct the map. Both random genomic and cDNA clones were used to develop the framework of the map. In addition, three cDNA clones representing genes coding for enzymes involved in the lipid biosynthesis pathway have been mapped in peanut. Of the 100 genomic and 300 cDNA clones evaluated, 15 and 190, respectively, revealed polymorphisms among the parents of our mapping population. Unfortunately, a large number of these produced complex banding patterns that could not be mapped. Of the 132 markers analyzed for segregation, 117 are distributed among 11 linkage groups, while 15 have not yet been associated with any other marker. A total map distance of approximately 1063 cM has been covered to-date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01184927
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of isozyme patterns among Arachis species (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 746-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Peanut ; Speciation ; Arachis hypogaea ; Groundnut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Arachis contains a large number of species and undescribed taxa with patterns of genetic variation that are little understood. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate genetic diversity among species of Arachis by utilizing electrophoretic techniques and to establish the potential for use of isozymes as markers for germplasm introgression. One-hundred-and-thirteen accessions representing six of the seven sections of the genus were analyzed for isozyme variation of 17 enzymes. Section Rhizomatosae species were not included because they produce very few seeds. Seeds were macerated and the crude extract was used for starch-gel electrophoretic analyses. Although the cultivated species has few polymorphic isozymes, the diploid species are highly variable and two-to-six bands were observed for each isozyme among accessions. Because of the large number of isozyme differences between A. hypogaea and A. batizocoi (the presumed donor of the B genome), this species can no longer be considered as a progenitor of the cultivated peanut. Seed-to-seed polymorphisms within many accessions were also observed which indicate that germplasm should be maintained as bulk seed lots, representative of many individuals, or as lines from individual plants from original field collections. The area of greatest interspecific genetic diversity was in Mato Grosso, Brazil; however, the probability of finding unique alleles from those observed in A. hypogaea was greatest in north, north-central, south and southeast Brazil. The large number of polymorphic loci should be useful as genetic markers for interspecific hybridization studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222901
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent selection progress in a population derived from an interspecific peanut cross (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; recurrent selection ; interspecific hybrid ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two cycles of recurrent selection for yield were previously conducted using a population of Arachis hypogaea L.-like tetraploid hybrid derivatives selected from among the progeny of a cross between A. hypogaea and A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., a diploid species with resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Burk. and Curt.) Deighton). Using the 10 highest yielding parents from each of the above cycles of recurrent selection, a study was conducted for 12 morphological traits and susceptibility to leafspot infection in a replicated test at a single location. The two parents used to initiate the interspecific hybrid population (PI 261942-3 and A. cardenasii) as well as two adapted cultivars (Florigiant and NC 7) were included as checks. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of genetic variation remaining in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection in order to predict whether further progress from selection could be expected and determine the potential for utilizing wild species for the improvement of quantitative traits in peanut. The results indicate that significant levels of genetic variation remain in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection for all traits measured, including several components of yield and leafspot resistance. This suggests that continued progress in population improvement from further cycles of selection should be possible while enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated peanut germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021318
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of single-primer DNA amplifications in genetic studies of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arachis ; PCR ; arbitrary primers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A recent approach to detecting genetic polymorphism involves the amplification of genomic DNA using single primers of arbitrary sequence. When separated electrophoretically in agarose gels, the amplification products give banding patterns that can be scored for genetic variation. The objective of this research was to apply these techniques to cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and related wild species to determine whether such an approach would be feasible for the construction of a genetic linkage map in peanut or for systematic studies of the genus. Two peanut cultivars, 25 unadapted germplasm lines of A. hypogaea, the wild allotetraploid progenitor of cultivated peanut (A. monticola), A. glabrata (a tetraploid species from section Rhizomatosae), and 29 diploid wild species of Arachis were evaluated for variability using primers of arbitrary sequence to amplify segments of genomic DNA. No variation in banding pattern was observed among the cultivars and germplasm lines of A. hypogaea, whereas the wild Arachis species were uniquely identified with most primers tested. Bands were scored (+/−) in the wild species and the PAUP computer program for phylogenetic analysis and the HyperRFLP program for genetic distance analysis were used to generate dendrograms showing genetic relationships among the diploid Arachis species evaluated. The two analyses produced nearly identical dendrograms of species relationships. In addition, approximately 100 F2 progeny from each of two interspecific crosses were evaluated for segregation of banding patterns. Although normal segregation was observed among the F2 progeny from both crosses, banding patterns were quite complex and undesirable for use in genetic mapping. The dominant behavior of the markers prevented the differentiation of heterozygotes from homozygotes with certainty, limiting the usefulness of arbitrary primer amplification products as markers in the construction of a genetic linkage map in peanut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034958
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemical and physical analysis of the bedrock formations and lowest tills at the Wellsch Valley Site, Saskatchewan, Canada (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 180 (1994), S. 5-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nine bedrock and two till samples were analyzed to determine whether their chemical and physical properties could be used to distinguish between bedrock units and to differentiate local bedrock from overlying tills. The bedrock samples came from The North Cliff subsite of the Wellsch Valley Site, and the till samples from Jaw Face subsite. Eight of the nine bedrock samples show great similarity. However, their geochemical differences from the overlying Quaternary tills establish that the tills contain much material entrained, during one or more early Quaternary glaciations, from older bedrock outcrops to the north and northeast. The glaciers that laid down the tills appear to have reworked and concentrated elements compatible with a dry climate, probably formed by weathering during long interglacial, and perhaps preglacial, intervals when the surface was undergoing slow degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039896
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the B genome speciesArachis batizocoi (Fabaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 174 (1991), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Arachis batizocoi ; A. hypogaea ; Genome analysis ; phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arachis batizocoi Krap. & Greg. is a suggested B genome donor to the cultivated peanut,A. hypogaea L. Until recently, only one accession of this species was available in U.S.A. germplasm collections for analyses and species variability had not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the intraspecific variability ofA. batizocoi to better understand phylogenetic relationships in sect.Arachis. Five accessions of the species were used for morphological and cytological studies and then F1 intraspecific hybrids analyzed. Some variation was observed among accessions—for example, differences in seed size, plant height and branch length. The somatic chromosomes of accessions 9484, 30079, and 30082 were nearly identical, whereas, the karyotypes of accessions 30081 and 30097 have several distinct differences. For example, 30081 had significantly more asymmetrical chromosomes 2 and 6 and more median chromosomes 7 and 10, and 30097 had significantly more asymmetrical chromosomes 3 and 10 and more median chromosomes 1 and 5 than accessions 9484, 30079, and 30082. All F1 hybrids among accessions were highly fertile. Meiotic observations indicated that hybrids among accessions 9484, 30079, or 30082 had mostly bivalents. However, quadrivalents were observed when either 30081 or 30097 was crossed with the above three accessions and 30081 × 30097 had quadrivalents, hexavalents and octavalents. The presence of translocations is the most likely cause of multivalent formation inA. batizocoi hybrids. Cytological evolution via translocations has apparently been an important mechanism for differentiation in the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940337
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of seed storage protein patterns in wild peanut (Arachis, Fabaceae) species (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 186 (1993), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Arachis ; Arachis hypogaea ; Seed storage proteins ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 55 accessions of wild peanuts (Arachis spp.) introduced from South America were analyzed for seed storage protein composition using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate variability within sect.Arachis and to classify taxa based on protein composition. 25 different band positions were resolved. Individual accessions had 11 to 18 bands which included the conarachin region (MW 〉 50 kD), two to five bands in the acidic arachin region (MW 38–49.9 kD), three to seven in the intermediate MW region (23 to 37.9 kD), two to five bands in the basic arachin region (18–22.9 kD), and one to three bands in the low MW protein region (14–17.9 kD). These data were utilized in a principal coordinate analysis based on the matrix of genetic distances between all pairs of the 55 accessions. Several groups of accessions conformed to expected species classification includingA. batizocoi, A. stenosperma, andA. monticola; whileA. duranensis, A. cardenasii, A. helodes, andA. correntina did not form good groups. The study showed that great diversity exists for protein profiles and seed storage proteins have potential for aiding species classification and for serving as markers for interspecific hybridization studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937710
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive in Vivo Percutaneous Absorption Measurements Using X-Ray Fluorescence (1992)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 9 (1992), S. 1410-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: percutaneous absorption ; topical delivery ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ; 5-iodouracil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been used to determine in vivo the percutaneous absorption of 5-iodouracil (5IU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on female Sprague-Dawley rats. An average absorption rate constant of 122 ± 34 µg/cm2-hr was obtained from the XRF measurements on four rats. A comparative study was performed with radiolabeled (125I) 5IU in which the absorption rate constant was determined to be 126 ± 20 µg/cm2-hr. The XRF system described provides a simple, noninvasive means of measuring the percutaneous absorption rate of select compounds by the surface disappearance method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015850627370
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