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  • 1990-1994  (160)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Unsicheres Wissen : Wahrscheinlichkeit, Fuzzy-Logik, neuronale Netze und menschliches Denken (1993)
    Heidelberg [u.a.] : Spektrum
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK M 370-95-0194
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 389 S.
    ISBN: 386025006x
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polymorphisms in the HLA-B region with extended haplotypes (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 33 (1991), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genomic probes from the HLA-B region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were used to study the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with various MHC alleles, complotypes, and extended haplotypes. The two DNA probes, M20A and R5A, were derived from previously cloned cosmids and are located 38 and 110 kilobases (kb) centromeric to HLa-B, respectively. Five different RFLP variants occuring in five different haplotypic combinations were detected within a panel of 40 homozygous-typing cells and cells from 21 families using Bst EII. In two informative families with HLA-B/DR recombinations the inheritance of the RFLP variants was consistent with their mapping between HLA-B and complotypes. The R5A/M20A haplotypic pattern 6.5 kb/3.0 kb (A) had a normal Caucasian frequency of approximately 0.43 and was found in all independent examples of the extended haplotypes [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3], [HLA-B18,F1C30, DR3], [HLa-Bw62,SC33,Dr4], [HLa-B44,SC30,Dr4], and [HLA-Bw47,FC91,0DR7]. The patterns of 6.9 kb/ 3.0 kb (B), 6.5 kb/4.7 kb (C), 1.45 kb/3.0 kb (D), and 6.9 kb/4.7 kb (E) had normal Caucasian frequencies of approximately 0.23, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.04 and were found on all independent examples of [HLA-B38,SC21, DR4], [HLA-Bw57,SC61,DR7], [HLA-B7,SC31,DR2], and [HLA-B44,FC31,DR7], respectively. Individual complotypes or HLA-B alleles which were markers of extended haplotypes showed variable associations. For example, HLA-B7 and the complotype SC31 were associated with all R5A/M20A RFLP haplotypes except haplotype E, although [HLA-B7,SC31,DR7] was associated exclusively with haplotype D. HLA-B27, not known to be part of an extended haplotype, was suprisingly exclusively associated with the 6.5 kb/4.7 kb or C haplotypic pattern in all five instances tested. These findings support the concept of regional conservation of DNA on independent examples of extended haplotypes. The results also further characterize these haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211689
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PFGE mapping and RFLP analysis of the S/D region of the mouse H-2 complex (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 36 (1992), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have constructed a long range restriction map of the S/D segment of the mouse H-2 complex by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and hybridization with mouse cDNA probes to Bf and Tnfa genes and human cDNA probes to BAT2, BAT3, BAT4, BAT5, and BAT6 genes which have recently been mapped to the human HLA complex between C2 and HLA-B. The distance between the mouse C2 and Tnfa genes was found to be approximately 350 kilobases. The position of the mouse Bat genes in this map were found to be comparable to the position of the BAT genes in the human HLA complex. A panel of recombinant mouse strains was also examined by restriction fragment analysis with probes detecting the Hsp70, Bat5, and Tnfa genes. The results indicate that recombination in this segment is not random. No recombinants were found with crossovers between the C2 and Hsp70 genes and only one recombinant was found with a crossover between Tnfa and H-2D. In contrast, the crossover sites of 16 recombinants were mapped between the Hsp70 and Tnfa genes. Seven of these recombinants were found to have crossovers between Hsp70 and Bat5 and three recombinants were found to have crossover sites between Bat5 and Tnfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215287
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheB144-H-2D binterval and the location of a mouse homologue of the human D6S81E locus (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114974
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancestral haplotypes reveal the role of the central MHC in the immunogenetics of IDDM (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 36 (1992), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contains multiple and diverse genes which may be relevant to the induction adn regulation of autoimmune responses in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In addition to HLA class I and II, the possible candidates include TNF, C4, and several other poorly defined polymorphic genes in the central MHC region. This study describes two approaches which take advantage of the fact that the relevant genes are carried by highly conserved ancestral haplotypes such as 8.1 (HLA-B8, TNFS, C4AQO, C4B1, DR3, DQ2). First, three “diabetogenic” haplotypes (two Caucasoid and one Mongoloid) have been compared and it has been shown that all three share a rare allele of BAT3 as well as sharing DR3, DQ2. In 43 sequential patients with IDDM the cross product ration for BAT3S was 4.8 (p〈0.01) and 6.9 for HLA-B8 plus BAT3S (p〈0.001). Second, partial or recombinant ancestral haplotypes with either HLA class I (HLA-B8) or II (HLA-DR3, DQ2) alleles were identified. Third, using haplotypic polymorphisms such as the one in BAT3, we have shown that all the patients carrying recombinants of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype share the central region adjacent to HLA-B. These findings suggest that both HLA and non-HLA genes are involved in conferring susceptibility to IDDM, and that the region between HLA-B and BAT3 contains some of the relevant genes. By contrast, similar approaches suggest that protective genes map to the HLA class II region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218041
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haplotypic variation of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes and their extension of HLA class II region haplotypes (1993)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 37 (1993), S. 266-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stable cell surface presentation of HLA class I molecules requires active transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum by products of two genes, TAP1 and TAP2, which map in the major histocompatibility complex class II region. Alleles of each gene are derived from a combination of variable sitesaat each locus. In this study, TAP1 and TAP2 alleles were identified in homozygous typing cell (HTC) lines, allowing resolution of specific haplotypes in conjunction with the highly polymorphic HLA class II region haplotypes. Three alleles at each TAP locus were found from which eight haplotypes could be assigned. Determination of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in cell lines homozygous at DR, DQ, and DP created eight additional haplotypes beyond the number observed with these class II genes alone. Complete analysis of DR, DQ, TAP, and DP genotypes in 66 HTCs resulted in the following groups: 1) 46 homozygotes; 2) nine homozygous at DR, DQ, and TAP, but heterozygous at DP; 3) four homozygous at DR, DQ, and DP, but heterozygous at one or both TAP genes; 4) four homozygous at DR and DQ, but heterozygous at TAP and DP; and 5) three complex genotypes heterozygous at DP, TAP, and at least one of DQA1, DQB1, or DRB1 loci. TAP1 and TAP2 genes map in an area of frequent recombination. TAP alleles were determined in five DQB1, DPB1 recombinant individuals, three of which were informative. Recombination was found between DQB1 and the TAP loci in two individuals and between TAP and DPB1 in the other individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187452
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P1 and cosmid clones define the organization of 280 kb of the mouse H-2 complex containing the Cps-1 and Hsp70 loci (1994)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 39 (1994), S. 48-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 280 kilobase (kb) contig was isolated from mouse genomic P1 and cosmid libraries, using as probes human cDNA and genomic DNA fragments that map in the interval between the second component of complement and tumor necrosis factor genes of the HLA complex. The clone contig demonstrates synteny of eleven mouse genes that are homologous to genes initially mapped within the human major histocompatibility complex. These include the mouse homologs of BAT2 (HLA-B-associated transcript 2) through BAT9 and also three HSP70-related genes. Five P1 clones form a contig of 240 kb that spans from BAT9 through BAT3. Twelve cosmid clones are arranged in three contigs that confirm most of the structure of the P1 contig and link the mouse BAT3 homolog to the BAT2 homolog approximately 15 kb farther telomeric. Polymorphic DNA markers within the cloned region were used to map the cleft palate susceptibility-1 (Cps-1) locus to the interval between Hsp70.1 and BAT6 (valyltRNA synthetase). This refines the location of the Cps-1 locus to a 45 kb region contained in the H2-124 P1 insert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171796
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxed plasmas in external magnetic fields (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 2901-2907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extension of the theory of relaxed plasmas to external magnetic fields whose field lines intersect the wall is concisely formulated and then applied to the Extrap experiment [J. R. Drake, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 387 (1984)]. It is found that the external octupole field, though not affecting the phenomenon of current saturation, inhibits field reversal at parts of the wall if it is sufficiently strong to generate magnetic x points within the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870530
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spheromak instability (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 682-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The "classical spheromak'' (current density proportional to the magnetic field, spherical plasma–vacuum interface, homogeneous magnetic field at infinity) is unstable to global magnetohydrodynamic tilting modes, even if an arbitrary, perfectly conducting, rigid wall bounds the vacuum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of force-free plasma–vacuum equilibria (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetohydrodynamic stability of force-free plasma–vacuum systems (curl B=μB in the plasma, with constant μ) is studied in circular cylinders with identified ends (topological torus). A necessary stability criterion is derived by considering large poloidal mode numbers. This takes a simple form (the magnetic rotation numbers at the axis and plasma–vacuum interface must have opposite signs) if the magnetic field lines in the interface are not closed. If they are closed, then violation of this simple condition does not imply instability unless the aspect ratio exceeds some value which depends on both the numerator and denominator of the rational magnetic rotation number at the interface. For aspect ratios greater than unity, combination with the criterion for stability to internal kinks implies that the inhomogeneity parameter ||μ|| must be above the threshold for reversal of the toroidal current density, but below that for reversal of the poloidal one. This condition is independent of the wall radius, in contrast to the well-known necessary and sufficient stability criterion in the limit of infinite aspect ratio, which remains sufficient for arbitrary aspect ratios, and which requires that ||μ|| be in a smaller interval that does depend on the wall radius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870828
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