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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 133-136 (Jan. 1993), p. 627-632 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal fatigue experiments performed with an austenitic steel give rise to an irregular pattern of cracks on the specimen surface. The investigations are aimed at characterizing the patterns in quantitative terms and at discerning trends with increasing numbers of cycles. Statistical methods based on different models of stochastic geometry are applied to take into account the random influence in pattern formation. Descriptive statistics as well as stochastic models are used to characterize the damage level. The stochastic models, such as fibre processes and random mosaics, will finally correlate the physical damage process with the random crack pattern observed. It is shown in this paper how the statistical characteristics of the random crack patterns can be related to the statistical characteristics of the stochastic models and the way the physical nature of the damage process influences these quantities.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 37 (1991), S. 1441-1453 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Gesamtdruckmessungen mittels eines Membrannullmanometers wurden Phasenbarogramme der Systeme GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 und GeI4-HgI2 ermittelt und die resultierenden Phasendiagramme mit den an Hand von DTA-Messungen erhaltenen verglichen. Alle diese Systeme besitzen einen eutektischen Punkt.
    Notes: Abstract The phase barograms of the systems GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 and GeI4-HgI2 were determined by total pressure measurements in a membrane zero manometer and the resulting phase diagrams were compared with those obtained by DTA measurements. All the systems were single eutectics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials science 27 (1991), S. 551-555 
    ISSN: 1573-885X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions In this paper, some ideas concerning the statistical modelling of damage on a microstructural level and its relation to macroscopic quantities are given. Two examples using different kinds of approaches for the damage modelling are presented. In the first part, creep damage of an austenitic steel is modelled in a phenomenological way according to experimental observations. This leads to patterns of simulated grain boundary failure, which are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. A method is indicated how to incorporate micromechanical models in macroscopic relations for creep behavior. In the second part, a micromechanical model for creep damage of alumina is incorporated into the simulated grain boundary structure. Characteristic patterns of the different simulation procedures are shown. As a first step, the results seem to be encouraging. The advantages of the use of stochastic geometry methods in the light of the possible inclusion of more sophisticated models for grain boundary failure and the interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets are twofold: Any kind of grain boundary failure can be handled by the stochastic model which is therefore applicable for different kinds of material. Interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets can be handled in a very efficient way, which allows the simulation of realistic configurations without a prohibitively large amount of computing time. The framework of the stochastic geometry seems therefore to be a very efficient tool for the development of micromechanical damage models and their relation to a macroscopic description of damage.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 590 (1990), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Thermal Decomposition of Hg2I2 and the Hg—I State DiagramSolid Hg2I2 decomposes congruently in Hg and HgI2. The entropy S°(Hg2I2,s,298) = (55,5 ± 1) cal/K · mol and the enthalpy of formation ΔHf°(Hg2I2, s, 298) = (-30,0 ± 2) kcal/mol are derived from the decomposition equilibrium. The phase diagram of the whole system Hg—I was constructed from investigations by DTA and total pressure measurements in the partial systems Hg—Hg2I2, Hg2I2—HgI2, and HgI2—I2. It follows, that Hg2I2 melts incongruently at 297°C and decomposes in a Hg-rich and HgI2-rich melt. The emerging miscibility gap is assumed to close at a temperature near 500°C.
    Notes: Festes Hg2I2 zersetzt sich kongruent in Hg und HgI2. Aus dem Zersetzungsgleichgewicht werden die Standardentropie S°(Hg2I2, f, 298) = (55,5 ± 1) cal/K · mol und die Bildungsenthalpie ΔHb°(Hg2I2, f, 298) = (-30,0 ± 2) kcal/mol hergeleitet.Differentialthermoanalytische Untersuchungen über den Gesamtbereich Hg—I und Gesamtdruckmessungen in den Teilsystemen Hg—Hg2I2, Hg2I2—HgI2 und HgI2—I2 liefern das Zustandsdiagramm Hg—I. Es folgt, daß Hg2I2 bei 297°C inkongruent schmilzt und sich in eine Hg-reiche und HgI2-reiche Schmelze zersetzt. Die Mischungslücke schließt sich oberhalb 500°C.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 593 (1991), S. 200-206 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: BiI3—HgI2 system ; BiI3—I2 system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Barogram and Melting Diagram of the Systems BiI3—HgI2 and BiI3—I2The barograms of the systems BiI3—HgI2 and BiI3—I2 are determined by total pressure measurements in a membrane manometer. The melting diagrams follow from DTA measurements and the barogram. Both systems are eutectic with eutectica at 1.5 mol% BiI3 and 110°C for BiI3—I2 and 9 mol% BiI3 and 243°C for BiI3—HgI2.
    Notes: Die Zustandsbarogramme der Systeme BiI3—HgI2 und BiI3—I2 wurden durch Druckmessungen im Membrannullmanometer ermittelt. Die Schmelzdiagramme wurden aus DTA-Messungen und den Barogrammen aufgestellt. Beide Systeme sind einfach eutektisch mit Eutektika bei 1,5 Mol-% BiI3 und 110°C für BiI3—I2 und 9 Mol-% BiI3 und 243°C für BiI3—HgI2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bismuth oxidechloride ; enthalpies of formation ; heat of solution ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Calorimetry of Bismuth Oxidehalogenides. 1. Bismuth OxidechlorideThe heat of solution of all known solid phases in the system Bi2O3—BiCl3 in 4n HCl was investigated. To compare the data they were converted to the standardized formula Bi2O3-y/2Cly with 0 ≤ y ≤ 2. The enthalpies of formation of the complex bismuthoxidechlorides are based on the enthalpies of Bi2O3, f, HCl,Lsg and H2O circumventing the value for Bi(OH)3, Lsg. The data see “Inhaltsübersicht”.
    Notes: Die Lösungswärmen von allen bekannten festen Phasen des Systems Bi2O3—BiCl3 wurden in 4 n HCl ermittelt. Zum Vergleich der Werte untereinander erfolgte eine Normierung auf die Formel Bi2O3-y/2Cly mit 0 ≤ y ≤ 2. Die Bildungsenthalpien der komplexen Bismutoxidchloride schließen unter Umgehung des Wertes für Bi(OH)3, Lsg an die Bildungsenthalpien von Bi2O3, f, HClLsg und H2O an.Die Werte betragen:.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 61-65 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ruthenium/tin/oxide ; ternary phases ; phase diagram ; infrared spectroscopic investigations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Infrared Spectroscopic Investigations on Phase Equilibria in the System Ru/Sn/OInfrared spectroscopic investigations give evidence for the existence of new phases and their phase relations in the system Ru/Sn/O. The obtained results coincide well with X-ray diffraction investigation. The composition of two phases was found to correspond to the formula: RuSn3O4 and RuSn5O4. Evidence is given for the existence of a third phase, the composition should correspond to RuSn9O8.
    Notes: Die IR-spektroskopische Untersuchung von getemperten Pulverproben (1273 K) führte zum Nachweis von bisher in der Literatur nicht beschriebenen Verbindungen und deren Phasenkoexistenzen im ternären System Ru/Sn/O. Die erhaltenen Resultate zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den durch Röntgenbeugung gefundenen. Für zwei der Phasen wurden die Zusammensetzungen RuSn3O4 und RuSn5O4 ermittelt. Darüber hinaus kann aus den Ergebnissen die Existenz einer weiteren Phase gefolgert werden. Deren Zusammensetzung liegt nahe RuSn9O8.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 54-60 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary system Mn/Mo/O ; Mn2Mo3O8, MnMoO4 ; thermodynamical data ; EMF measurements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamical Investigations to the System Mn/Mo/OThe thermodynamical data of the two ternary phases Mn2Mo3O8 and MnMoO4 can determined with EMF measurements using solid zirconia ionic conductors in tablets arrangement. The thermodynamical data was found in a 3. law calculation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \Delta {\rm H}^{\rm o} \,({\rm B, 298, Mn}_{\rm 2} {\rm Mo}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 8}) = - 616.0 \pm 3.7\,{\rm kcal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \quad{\rm S}^{\rm o} \,(298,\,{\rm Mn}_{\rm 2} {\rm Mo}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 8})\quad = \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,60.8 \pm 0.1\,{\rm cal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \Delta {\rm H}^{\rm o} \,({\rm B, 298, MnMoO}_{\rm 4})\quad= - 289.0 \pm 5\,{\rm kcal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \quad{\rm S}^{\rm o} \,(298,\,{\rm MnMoO}_{\rm 4})\quad\quad = \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,35.7 \pm 0.1\,{\rm cal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}
    Notes: Es erfolgt die Bestimmung der thermodynamischen Daten der ternären Phasen Mn2Mo3O8 und MnMoO4 mittels EMK-Messungen am oxidischen Festelektrolyten in einer Tablettenmeßzelle. Nach Rechnungen gemäß dem 3. Gesetz können die folgenden thermodynamischen Werte für diese Phasen angegeben werden: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \Delta {\rm H}^{\rm o} \,({\rm B, 298, Mn}_{\rm 2} {\rm Mo}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 8}) = - 616,0 \pm 3,7\,{\rm kcal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \quad{\rm S}^{\rm o} \,(298,\,{\rm Mn}_{\rm 2} {\rm Mo}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 8})\quad = \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,60,8 \pm 0,1\,{\rm cal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \Delta {\rm H}^{\rm o} \,({\rm B, 298, MnMoO}_{\rm 4})\quad= - 289,0 \pm 5\,{\rm kcal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \quad{\rm S}^{\rm o} \,(298,\,{\rm MnMoO}_{\rm 4})\quad\quad = \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,35,7 \pm 0,1\,{\rm cal}\,{\rm mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \,{\rm K}^{{\rm - 1}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 123-126 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bismuth Oxidebromides ; calorimetry ; enthalpies of formation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Calorimetry of Bismuth Oxidhalides. II. Bismuth OxidebromidesThe heat solution of all known solid phases in the system Bi2O3/BiBr3 in 4n HBr were investigated. To compare the data they were converted to the standardized formula Bi2O3-y/2BryBry with 0 ≤ y ≤ 2. The enthalphies of formation of the complex bismuthoxidebromides are based on the enthalpies of Bi2O3,f HBr,Lsg and H2O circumventing the value for Bi(OH)3,Lsg.
    Notes: Die Lösungswärme der bekannten festen Phasen des Systems Bi2O3/BiBr3 wurden in 4n HBr ermittelt. Zum Vergleich der Werte untereinander erfolgte eine Normierung auf die Formel Bi2O3-y/2Bry mit 0 ≤ y ≤ 2. Die Bildungsenthalpien der komplexen Bismutoxidbromide schließen unter Umgehung des Wertes für Bi(OH)3,Lsg an die Bildungsenthalpien von Bi2O3,f, HBr,Lsg und H2O an.Die Werte bei 298 K betragen für die festen Oxidbromide: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm Bi}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 2,833}} {\rm Br}_{{\rm 0,333}}) = - 143,7 \pm 1,3\,{\rm kcal/mol} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm Bi}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 2,667}} {\rm Br}_{{\rm 0,666}}) = - 149,5 \pm 1,4\,{\rm kcal/mol} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm Bi}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 2,583}} {\rm Br}_{{\rm 0,833}}) = - 150,5 \pm 1,5\,{\rm kcal/mol} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm Bi}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 2,500}} {\rm Br}_{{\rm 1,000}}) = - 153,6 \pm 1,5\,{\rm kcal/mol} \\ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm Bi}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 2,000}} {\rm Br}_{{\rm 2,000}}) = - 163,5 \pm 2,0\,{\rm kcal/mol} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Die Bildungsenthalpie für BiBr3 beträgt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^{\rm o} ({\rm BiBr}_{\rm 3},{\rm f,298}) = - 70,4 \pm 1,8\,{\rm kcal/mol} $$\end{document}.
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