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  • 1990-1994  (3)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This report describes a micro-clot lysis assay (MCLA) for evaluating fibrinolytic activity of plasminogen activators (PA). Fibrin clots were formed in wells of microtiter plates. Lysis of the clots by PA, indicated by change in turbidity (optical density, OD), was monitored with a microplate reader at five minutes intervals. Log-log plots of PA dilution versus endpoint, the time at which the OD value was halfway between the maximum and minimum value for each well, were linear over a broad range of PA concentrations (2-200 International units/ml). The MCLA is a modification and miniaturization of well established fibrinolytic methods. The significant practical advantages of the MCLA are that it is a simple, relatively sensitive, non-radioactive, quantitative, kinetic, fibrinolytic micro-technique which can be automated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Thrombosis research (ISSN 0049-3848); Volume 64; 2; 223-34
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Current radiation risk for a piloted Mars mission is estimated using the idea of absorbed dose and ICRP-26, LET-dependent quality factors. In a spacecraft with aluminum walls (2 g/sq cm) at solar minimum the calculated dose equivalent is 0.73 Sv for a 406-day mission. Based on the current thinking this leads to an excess cancer mortality in a 35-year male of about 1 percent. About 75 percent of the dose equivalent is contributed by HZE particles and target fragments with average quality factors of 10.3 and 20, respectively. The entire concept of absorbed dose, quality factor, and dose equivalent as applied to such missions needs to be reexamined, in light of the fact that less than 50 percent of the nuclei in the body of the astronaut would have been traversed by a single GCR nuclei in the 406-day mission.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 12; 2-3,
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Levels of acceptable risk of radiation exposure for SSF crews have been studied. Since the cancer risk per dose equivalent has increased over the last decade, new dose-equivalent limits have been recommended. An astronaut may not receive more than a depth-dose equivalent of 50 rem/year. It is found that a 180-day stay aboard Freedom could result in a worst case depth-dose of 30 rem, and a 180-day mission in a nominally shielded spacecraft in a constant atmospheric density orbit with a varying altitude could result in a depth-dose equivalent of 10 rem. This is twice the annual allowable dose-equivalent for terrestrial radiation workers. It is noted that the present understanding of the biological effectiveness of high-LET radiation is not adequate for accurate health risk assessments and that further research is necessary.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Space 90: The Second International Conference; Apr 22, 1990 - Apr 26, 1990; Albuquerque, NM; United States
    Format: text
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