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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal environment of cotton irrigated using canopy temperature (1994)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 14 (1994), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The threshold canopy temperature method for controlling a drip irrigation system includes a physiologically based threshold temperature and irrigation application rate that responds to the environment. Energy input from the environment causes canopy temperature to exceed the threshold value and irrigation is then applied. This study evaluated temperature distributions, amount of optimum time, and the amount of irrigation control time for cotton where irrigation scheduling was controlled by different threshold temperatures during the years 1988 to 1991. Optimum time for cotton growth was defined as the accumulated time that canopy temperatures were between 25 and 31 °C and the time accumulated above different threshold temperatures was designated as irrigation control time. Threshold temperatures over a 26 to 32 °C range altered the frequency distribution of temperature within the optimum temperature range (25–31 °C) by reducing temperatures above the threshold. Frequency of canopy temperatures of a 28 °C threshold temperature treatment decreased in the 28 to 29 °C increment and then remained below air temperature. Irrigation control time was more sensitive than optimum time to changes in threshold temperature between 26 and 31 °C. Optimum time and irrigation control time of the 28 °C threshold temperature varied by 37% and 29%, respectively. Lint yields in 1988 and 1990 were high while those in 1989 and 1991 were low because of unfavorable weather. Irrigation amounts applied during DOY 198–273 that were above 20 cm in high yield years or 12 cm in low yield years did not increase yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190191
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific variation for thermal dependence of glutathione reductase in sainfoin (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 600-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apparent Km ; Glutathione reductase ; Onobrychis spp. ; Sainfoin ; Thermal kinetic window
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Understanding the biochemical and physiological consequences of species variation would expedite improvement in agronomically useful genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis spp.) Information on variation among sainfoin species is lacking on thermal dependence of glutathione reductase (B.C. 1.6.4.2.), which plays an important role in the protection of plants from both high and low temperature stresses by preventing harmful oxidation of enzymes and membranes. Our objective was to investigate the interspecific variation for thermal dependency of glutathione reductase in sainfoin. Large variation among species was found for: (i) the minimum apparent Km (0.4–2.5 μM NADPH), (ii) the temperature at which the minimum apparent Km was observed (15°–5°C), and (iii) the thermal kinetic windows (2°–30°C width) over a 15°–45°C temperature gradient. In general, tetraploid species had narrower (≤17°C) thermal kinetic windows than did diploid species (∼30°C), with one exception among the diploids. Within the tetraploid species, the cultivars of O. viciifolia had a broader thermal kinetic window (≥7°C) than the plant introduction (PI 212241, 〉2 °C) itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226871
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability for esterase enzyme in Onobrychis species (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 433-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Esterase ; Onobrychis spp. ; Polymorphism ; Sainfoin ; Similarity index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Understanding polymorphism at the enzyme level is basic to its use in population and genetic studies. However, no such information is available on the variability among different sainfoin (Onobrychis) species. Therefore, our objective was to study the existence of genetic polymorphism for esterase in 17 Onobrychis species and three cultivars of O. viciifolia Scop. Three regions of banding were observed in all the materials tested, with the number of bands varying from 0 to 3, 3 to 14, and 1 to 2 bands in each of these zones, which have been designated EST1, EST2, and EST3 respectively. All the materials studied had unique banding patterns, the only common feature being that all of them, except one species, had isozyme 1. Identification was possible only for four species (O. iberica, O. kachetica, O. transcaucasica, and O. bieberstenii) and one cultivar (‘Nova’) based on the banding patterns. Large diversity was evident from the wide range of percent similarity values (0%–79%). Subsequent studies should be directed in using these isozyme banding patterns as markers to the desirable agronomic and quality traits of different germplasm lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226742
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  • 4
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    A study of the thermal and optical characteristics of radiometric channels for Earth radiation budget applications (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An improved dynamic electrothermal model for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) total, nonscanning channels is formulated. This model is then used to accurately simulate two types of dynamic solar observation: the solar calibration and the so-called pitchover maneuver. Using a second model, the nonscanner active cavity radiometer (ACR) thermal noise is studied. This study reveals that radiative emission and scattering by the surrounding parts of the nonscanner cavity are acceptably small. The dynamic electrothermal model is also used to compute ACR instrument transfer function. Accurate in-flight measurement of this transfer function is shown to depend on the energy distribution over the frequency spectrum of the radiation input function. A new array-type field of view limiter, whose geometry controls the input function, is proposed for in-flight calibration of an ACR and other types of radiometers. The point spread function (PSF) of the ERBE and the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometers is computed. The PSF is useful in characterizing the channel optics. It also has potential for recovering the distribution of the radiative flux from Earth by deconvolution.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-189783 , NAS 1.26:189783
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Infrared imaging - A validation technique for computational fluid dynamics codes used in STOVL applications (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The need for a validation technique for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes in STOVL applications has led to research efforts to apply infrared thermal imaging techniques to visualize gaseous flow fields. Specifically, a heated, free-jet test facility was constructed. The gaseous flow field of the jet exhaust was characterized using an infrared imaging technique in the 2 to 5.6 micron wavelength band as well as conventional pitot tube and thermocouple methods. These infrared images are compared to computer-generated images using the equations of radiative exchange based on the temperature distribution in the jet exhaust measured with the thermocouple traverses. Temperature and velocity measurement techniques, infrared imaging, and the computer model of the infrared imaging technique are presented and discussed. From the study, it is concluded that infrared imaging techniques coupled with the radiative exchange equations applied to CFD models are a valid method to qualitatively verify CFD codes used in STOVL applications.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-0675
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Earth Radiation Budget Experiment scanner radiometric calibration results (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning radiometers are producing measurements of the incoming solar, earth/atmosphere-reflected solar, and earth/atmosphere-emitted radiation fields with measurement precisions and absolute accuracies, approaching 1 percent. ERBE uses thermistor bolometers as the detection elements in the narrow-field-of-view scanning radiometers. The scanning radiometers can sense radiation in the shortwave, longwave, and total broadband spectral regions of 0.2 to 5.0, 5.0 to 50.0, and 0.2 to 50.0 micrometers, respectively. Detailed models of the radiometers' response functions were developed in order to design the most suitable calibration techniques. These models guided the design of in-flight calibration procedures as well as the development and characterization of a vacuum-calibration chamber and the blackbody source which provided the absolute basis upon which the total and longwave radiometers were characterized. The flight calibration instrumentation for the narror-field-of-view scanning radiometers is presented and evaluated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Long-term Monitoring of the Earth''s Radiation Budget; Apr 17, 1990 - Apr 18, 1990; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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