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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bidirectional, Transmembranal Protein Shifts in Hippocampal Neurons during Early Postischemic Reperfusion of the Gerbil Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 723 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb36783.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of high field conduction in diamond for electron beam controlled switching (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4781-4787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies on a vertical metal-diamond-silicon switch structure have been conducted for potential pulsed power applications. Both the dc current-voltage characteristics and the transient switching response have been measured for a range of voltages. With a 1 μm diamond film, the switch has been seen to withstand electric fields up to 1.8 MV/cm. Our results show a polarity dependence which can be associated with current injection at the asymmetric contacts. Polarity effects were also observed in the presence of e-beam excitation, and arise due to nonuniform carrier generation near the diamond-silicon interface. Our switching transients were seen to follow the shape of the e-beam for a negative bias at the silicon substrate. For positive voltage values exceeding about 80 V however, the switch is seen to go into a persistent-photocurrent mode. This effect is a result of free carrier trapping within diamond and is enhanced by the double injection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of electron-beam penetration and free-carrier generation in diamond films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1568-1574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental observations of the energy-dependent electron-beam penetration in type II-A natural diamond are reported. The experimental data are compared with results obtained from numerical Monte Carlo simulations, and the results are in very good agreement. The results also reveal that a threshold energy of about 125 keV is necessary for complete penetration for a 35 μm sample. It is found that over the 30–180 keV range, the energy dependence of the penetration depth and total path length exhibits a power-law relation. Monte Carlo simulations have also been performed to investigate the excess carrier-generation profiles within diamond for a set of incident e-beam energy distributions. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of tailoring the internal source function, and hence influencing the diffusion currents, the internal electric fields, and charge injection through the contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354829
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of environmental oxygen on the surface composition of binary substitutional alloys (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The chemical composition of free surfaces of solids (not interacting with the environmental atoms) depends on its bulk composition, on the temperature, on the time of annealing (in non-equilibrium states) and on surface orientation (in single crystals). Even in the relatively most simple case of “qualitatively” just predicting, which of the components of a dilute binary substitutional alloy composed of transitional metals segregates to its free surface, the present theories disagree with the experimental results in several cases. The problem, of course, gets even more complicated if the surface interacts with the environmental atoms (e.g. oxygen). Then environmental factors as e.g. the value of the oxygen partial pressure Po2 are as well among the variables determining the surface composition. A new theory, the MTCIP-1A (Modern Thermodynamic Calculation of Interface Properties — First Approximation) includes the description of that effect as well. Its applicability is shown here for a polycrystalline PtNi alloy with bulk content X(1) Ni=12 at % under non-oxidizing and oxidizing conditions. Our ISS (Ion Scattering Spectroscopy) results shown agree with the MTCIP-1A at both conditions (with Pt segregation in the first, while that of Ni in the second one). Some further examples of such agreement between theory and experiment are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321941
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface segregation of Pt10Ni90(110): experimental and theoretical results (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Results from low energy ion scattering spectroscopy of the surface composition of Pt10Ni90(110) are presented which — being performed at different scattering geometries — allow the derivation of the composition of the first and second layer. The PtNi system is an interesting example of an alternating segregation profile (reaching bulk concentration after a few layers) with an orientation-dependent change in the segregation component. Thus most theoretical descriptions fail. One of the very few successful models is a thorough thermodynamic description which will be used here in multilayer calculations. Good agreement between measurement and calculation is found, with strong Ni segregation in the topmost atomic layer and strong Pt enrichment in the second monolayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323271
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The improved MTCIP-1A (modern thermodynamic calculation of interface properties - first approximation) and its application to the (Pt)Ni surfaces (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 618-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The MTCIP (modern thermodynamic calculation of interface properties) theory states the general condition of the thermodynamic equilibrium state (TES) for any kind of interface, any number of components and interface sublayers. In the MTCIP-1A (first approximation) for a binary dilute solid mixture, the monolayer surface composition is calculated in the TES (allowing for a chemisorbed or segregated overlayer as well). This approach has been used successfully so far for bimetallic alloys and as well for the segregation of non-metallic solutes on metal surfaces, and is further developed here. This new version is used for problematic PtNi surfaces, both low-index and polycrystalline. All the parameters needed to follow the calculations are given. In all cases, the theory agrees with the experiments at last qualitatively, and in most cases even quantitatively, although the PtNi surfaces were the most problematic for theoretical calculations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The drastic effect of oxygen on surface segregation (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 520-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature and oxygen partial pressure of the environment of a solid may produce non-oxidizing or oxidizing conditions for any of the components in the surface. Under non-oxidizing (free surface) conditions, one of the components of a binary alloy segregates. The oxidizing effect may enhance or diminish its surface content, and the other component may even segregate. This effect is investigated here using the experimental results (ISS and AES) and theoretical calculations of a new method. Agreement between theory and experiment is shown for AuPd and CuPd, and as well for S-contaminated CuFe.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface segregation of PtNi alloys — comparing theoretical and experimental results (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The PtNi system is an interesting example of orientation-dependent segregation behaviour. Experimental and theoretical results of different authors on surface segregation of PtNi alloys are compared. The quite different results from the various theoretical predictions show that only very few methods (e.g. the tight-binding Ising model with an area-preserving map technique, the embedded atom method, or a thorough thermodynamic description) can be used successfully for describing the PtNi system. A multilayer thermodynamic description is used to study the influence of the different effects (negligible surface free energy difference, and the competition between an ordering and a size effect) on the composition profile. For comparing experimental results, the influence of preferential sputtering and annealing at different temperatures as well as environmental influence (e.g. due to carbon impurities or oxygen exposure), which might considerably change the measured values, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321424
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  • 9
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    The influence of environmental parameters on solid surface composition (1990)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0042-207X
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2715
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Investigation of Pt25Ni75(111): preferential sputtering and surface segregation (1993)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0039-6028
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2758
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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