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  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1
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    Global water cycle (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: This research is the MSFC component of a joint MSFC/Pennsylvania State University Eos Interdisciplinary Investigation on the global water cycle extension across the earth sciences. The primary long-term objective of this investigation is to determine the scope and interactions of the global water cycle with all components of the Earth system and to understand how it stimulates and regulates change on both global and regional scales. Significant accomplishments in the past year are presented and include the following: (1) water vapor variability; (2) multi-phase water analysis; (3) global modeling; and (4) optimal precipitation and stream flow analysis and hydrologic processes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review; p 35-37
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    OLS data system/global survey of lightning (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A global lightning climatology is being assembled from the nighttime imagery of the DMSP Optical Linescan Sensor (OLS). Lightning saturates the visible channel of the OLS at nighttime and can be identified as a horizontal streak on the order of 50-100 km in horizontal extent. Lightning streaks apparent in the film strips located at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) prior to 1991 are being digitized. An initial survey was completed for the F7 satellite observation period January 1986 - October 1987 and for the Q satellite for the period June-July 1973. Comparisons between the OLS lightning climatology with the Arkin GPI data set during the 1986-87 El Nino event shows similar regional variations in convective activity. The digital archive of global DMSP data began at the end of February. Software is being developed at both MSFC and NSIDC to extract, navigate, and view the OLS fine and smooth imagery.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review; p 57
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric electricity/meteorology analysis (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: This activity focuses on Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS)/Lightning Mapper Sensor (LMS) algorithm development and applied research. Specifically we are exploring the relationships between (1) global and regional lightning activity and rainfall, and (2) storm electrical development, physics, and the role of the environment. U.S. composite radar-rainfall maps and ground strike lightning maps are used to understand lightning-rainfall relationships at the regional scale. These observations are then compared to SSM/I brightness temperatures to simulate LIS/TRMM multi-sensor algorithm data sets. These data sets are supplied to the WETNET project archive. WSR88-D (NEXRAD) data are also used as it becomes available. The results of this study allow us to examine the information content from lightning imaging sensors in low-earth and geostationary orbits. Analysis of tropical and U.S. data sets continues. A neural network/sensor fusion algorithm is being refined for objectively associating lightning and rainfall with their parent storm systems. Total lightning data from interferometers are being used in conjunction with data from the national lightning network. A 6-year lightning/rainfall climatology has been assembled for LIS sampling studies.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review; p 59
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  • 4
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    Coordinated field study for CaPE: Analysis of energy and water budgets (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The objectives of this hydrologic cycle study are to understand and model (1) surface energy and land-atmosphere water transfer processes, and (2) interactions between convective storms and surface energy fluxes. A surface energy budget measurement campaign was carried out by an interdisciplinary science team during the period July 8 - August 19, 1991 as part of the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE) in the vicinity of Cape Canaveral, FL. Among the research themes associated with CaPE is the remote estimation of rainfall. Thus, in addition to surface radiation and energy budget measurements, surface mesonet, special radiosonde, precipitation, high-resolution satellite (SPOT) data, geosynchronous (GOES) and polar orbiting (DMSP SSM/I, OLS; NOAA AVHRR) satellite data, and high altitude airplane data (AMPR, MAMS, HIS) were collected. Initial quality control of the seven surface flux station data sets has begun. Ancillary data sets are being collected and assembled for analysis. Browsing of GOES and radar data has begun to classify days as disturbed/undisturbed to identify the larger scale forcing of the pre-convective environment, convection storms and precipitation. The science analysis plan has been finalized and tasks assigned to various investigators.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review; p 39
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  • 5
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    Global water cycle (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The primary objective is to determine the scope and interactions of the global water cycle with all components of the Earth system and to understand how it stimulates and regulates changes on both global and regional scales. The following subject areas are covered: (1) water vapor variability; (2) multi-phase water analysis; (3) diabatic heating; (4) MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) temperature analysis; (5) Optimal precipitation and streamflow analysis; (6) CCM (Community Climate Model) hydrological cycle; (7) CCM1 climate sensitivity to lower boundary forcing; and (8) mesoscale modeling of atmosphere/surface interaction.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY91 Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Research Program Review; p 1-3
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  • 6
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    Global lightning studies (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The global lightning signatures were analyzed from the DMSP Optical Linescan System (OLS) imagery archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Transition to analysis of the digital archive becomes available and compare annual, interannual, and seasonal variations with other global data sets. An initial survey of the quality of the existing film archive was completed and lightning signatures were digitized for the summer months of 1986 to 1987. The relationship is studied between: (1) global and regional lightning activity and rainfall, and (2) storm electrical development and environment. Remote sensing data sets obtained from field programs are used in conjunction with satellite/radar/lightning data to develop and improve precipitation estimation algorithms, and to provide a better understanding of the co-evolving electrical, microphysical, and dynamical structure of storms.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY91 Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Research Program Review; p 19-20
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  • 7
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    Predicting thunderstorm evolution using ground-based lightning detection networks (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Lightning measurements acquired principally by a ground-based network of magnetic direction finders are used to diagnose and predict the existence, temporal evolution, and decay of thunderstorms over a wide range of space and time scales extending over four orders of magnitude. The non-linear growth and decay of thunderstorms and their accompanying cloud-to-ground lightning activity is described by the three parameter logistic growth model. The growth rate is shown to be a function of the storm size and duration, and the limiting value of the total lightning activity is related to the available energy in the environment. A new technique is described for removing systematic bearing errors from direction finder data where radar echoes are used to constrain site error correction and optimization (best point estimate) algorithms. A nearest neighbor pattern recognition algorithm is employed to cluster the discrete lightning discharges into storm cells and the advantages and limitations of different clustering strategies for storm identification and tracking are examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-103521 , NAS 1.15:103521
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  • 8
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    Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) for the Earth Observing System (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Not only are scientific objectives and instrument characteristics given of a calibrated optical LIS for the EOS but also for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) which was designed to acquire and study the distribution and variability of total lightning on a global basis. The LIS can be traced to a lightning mapper sensor planned for flight on the GOES meteorological satellites. The LIS consists of a staring imager optimized to detect and locate lightning. The LIS will detect and locate lightning with storm scale resolution (i.e., 5 to 10 km) over a large region of the Earth's surface along the orbital track of the satellite, mark the time of occurrence of the lightning, and measure the radiant energy. The LIS will have a nearly uniform 90 pct. detection efficiency within the area viewed by the sensor, and will detect intracloud and cloud-to-ground discharges during day and night conditions. Also, the LIS will monitor individual storms and storm systems long enough to obtain a measure of the lightning flashing rate when they are within the field of view of the LIS. The LIS attributes include low cost, low weight and power, low data rate, and important science. The LIS will study the hydrological cycle, general circulation and sea surface temperature variations, along with examinations of the electrical coupling of thunderstorms with the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and observations and modeling of the global electric circuit.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-4350 , M-680 , NAS 1.15:4350
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  • 9
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    Lightning-Sensor Data Help In Understanding Thunderstorms (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: NASA technical memorandum discusses research on use of data from network of ground-based magnetic direction-finding ground-strike lightning sensors to diagnose and predict occurrence and evolution of thunderstorms. Purposes of study to explore applicability and limitations of extrapolation techniques used to generate forecasts from data; to examine physically-based, nonlinear mathematical models for applicability to lightning-forecast problem; and to determine valid extrapolation ranges of such models for various weather scenarios.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: MFS-27263 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 16; 10; P. 65
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Sensor fusion techniques for predicting thunderstorm evolution using lightning and radar networks (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A pattern recognition scheme that is used to generate initial seeds or 'first guess' fields for clustering the discrete lightning discharges into storm cells is presented. The clustering process is critically dependent on the prior accuracy of the lightning location estimates. The generation of subsequent storm life-cycle time series (for extrapolation forecasting) also relies on the cluster analysis procedure assigning the correct number of lightning discharges (objects) to the proper storms (groups). The advantages and limitations of different clustering strategies for storm identification and tracking are examined. Storm identification with lightning data alone is compared to storm identification with radar alone, and some synergies for sensor fusion are explored.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: International Conference on Radar Meteorology, 25th, Paris, France, June 24-28, 1991, Preprints (A93-37626 15-47); p. 97-102.
    Format: text
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