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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preharvest kernel invasion in groundnut genotypes by Aspergillus flavus and its relation to the pod surface area (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 75 (1994), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Aflatoxin ; Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; colony-incidence ; colonization density ; genotype resistance ; groundnut ; peanut ; Israel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field and microplot trials were conducted. In microplot experiments the soil was artificially infested by Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries. In field tests the percentage of A. flavus-affected kernels and in microplot experiments the number of A. flavus colonies emerging from 100 seeds was determined. As the geocarpoplane is the main frontier of pod invasion, pod surfaces were measured and the number of seedborne colonies per 100 cm2 of pod surface were calculated for each groundnut genotype. Some genotypes, which were similar in colony incidence (counts per 100 seeds), differed markedly from each other in colonization density (number of seedborne colonies as calculated per unit area of pod surface). Cultivar EC-21115 had a low incidence of seed borne colonies of A. flavus; however, the number of colonies per 100 cm2 of pod surface was high. Cv. Lavkan was low, both, in colony incidence and colonization density. Genotypes low in both these parameters should be tested as potential sources of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of constant moisture and aeration levels in soil on Fusarium wilt of tomatoes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: disease endurance ; Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici ; Lycopersicum esculentum ; tensiometric soil moisture regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A method to investigate the effect of moisture-dependent soil aeration on plant disease is presented. Constant volumetric moisture contents between 22 and 39% in a loam were employed, and corresponding soil aeration levels were attained, by applying constant water pressures between −400 and −5 cm to the soil via tensiometer ceramic cups. In the range of available water, small changes in matric soil water potential resulted in large changes in soil aeration. Young ‘Moneymaker’ tomato seedlings were inoculated withFusarium oxysporum lycopersici either by transplanting to infested soil, or by injecting the inoculum into the soil through preinserted tubes and thus avoiding wounding of roots. Two to three weeks later the effects of treatment were obvious. From comparison of infected plants to their controls in each moisture treatment it was inferred that, in the range of small matric potentials (i.e. wet soil), soil aeration is the decisive factor. In badly aerated soil, inoculated plants succumbed to disease. The combination of a good aeration with plenty available water was optimal to disease endurance. In the soil used, aeration changed from bad to sufficient between −10 to −60 cm matric potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150054
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycotoxigenic potential ofAspergillus flavus strains isolated from groundnuts growing in Israel (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 122 (1993), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aflatoxin ; Aspergillus flavus ; A. parasiticus ; Cyclopiazonic acid ; ELISA ; Groundnuts (peanuts) ; Israel ; Sterigmatocystin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two hundred strains of the Aspergillus flavus group isolated from groundnuts (peanuts) growing in Israel were examined for their ability to produce mycotoxins in potato dextrose (PD) broth. Almost 77% of the isolates produced aflatoxin; aflatoxins B1 and B2 were formed by most of the isolates. Simultaneous production of aflatoxins of groups B and G was detected in only 0.5% of the isolates. Microscopic examination revealed that 98% of the isolates wereA. flavus and only 2%A. parasiticus. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was detected in 22.5% of the isolates, including 3.5% that produced only CPA. Sterigmatocystin was detected in only 2% of the isolates and only one isolate produced aflatoxin simultaneously with CPA and sterigmatocysin. The dry weight (DW) of mycelium, 7 days after inoculating the medium, was between 71–110 mg/30 ml medium in more than 70% of the isolates. A general decrease in the pH was observed and 75% of the isolates reduced the pH to 4.5 or below. After 14 days, a small increase in DW and an increase in the pH toward neutrality was observed. On PD agar, 30% of the isolates produced sclerotia, including 5% that produced them profusely. No correlation between mycelial growth, changes in pH of the medium, sclerotium formation, and aflatoxin accumulation could be observed. The mycotoxigenic potential of theA. flavus strains isolated from groundnuts seems to be relatively high and may present a potential threat to human and animal health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103479
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  • 4
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    The effect of constant moisture and aeration levels in soil on Fusarium wilt of tomatoes (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    High-resolution observations of the Evershed effect in sunspots (1994)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 6
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    Results from high resolution solar images and spectra obtained at the Pic du Midi Observatory (1986–1990) (1991)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    High resolution observations: The state of the art and beyond (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The meaning of high resolution and its scientific importance with regard to solar observations is discussed. The state of the art is reviewed, looking into Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter (SOUP) observations, image selection techniques, and adaptive optics. It is concluded that until there are observations in space, complete understanding of processes in the solar photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona will be impossible. The importance of high resolution is considered with regard to solar surface and convection, solar photosphere inside and outside magnetic fields, and sunspot geometry.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA, Solar Physics and Astrophysics at Interferometric Resolution; p 9-14
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    High-resolution observations of the Evershed effect in sunspots (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: High spatial resolution movies of sunspots taken at the Swedish Solar Observatory on La Palma reveal that the Evershed effect is time dependent. Outward proper motions are visible in both the continuum and Dopplergrams. These can be tracked over most of the width of the penumbra and overlap regions that show inward moving penubral grains. The radial spacing between the moving structures is about 2000 km, and they exhibit irregular repetitive behavior with a typical interval of 10 minutes. These are probably the cause of 10 minutes oscillations sometimes seen in a penumbral power spectra. Higher velocities are spatially correlated with the relatively darker regions between bright filaments. Regions with a strong variation in the Doppler signal show peak-to-peak modulations of 1 km/s on an average velocity of about 3-4 km/s. The proper motion velocity is approximately constant from the iner penumbra and generally larger than the Doppler velocity when both are interpreted as projections of horizontal motion. Regions where thay are consistent suggest a typical horizontal velocity of 3.5 km/s. Some proper motion velocites as high as 7 km/s are seen, but these are less certain. The temporal behavoir shows a correlation between increased Doppler signal and increased continuum intensity, the opposite of the spatial correlation. When spatially averaged across filaments and over time, the averaged Evershed effect has a peak horizontal component near the outer edge of the penumbra of 2.0 km/s with evidence for a 200-400 m/s upward component. The latter depends on an uncertain absolute velocity calibration. If real it could be an actual upward component or a penumbral analogue of the convective blueshift seen in the quiet Sun.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 430; 1; p. 413-424
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Polarimetry and spectroscopy of a simple sunspot. I - On the magnetic field of a sunspot penumbra (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We investigate the magnetic field structure of a medium sized sunspot using high resolution magnetograms and spectrograms and derive a relationship between the brightness of penumbral structures and the inclination of the magnetic field. The field inclination to the spot normal is larger in the dark structures than in the bright ones. We show that the field strength does not vary between dark and bright structures. At the inner penumbral boundary the field strength is 2000 Gauss and about 1000 Gauss at the outer penumbral edge. The line-of sight component of the material flow decreases rapidly within one arcsecond at the photospheric boundary of the spot.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 264; 2; p. L27-L30.
    Format: text
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