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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic relations of the drought-tolerant shrub Artemisia tridentata in response to water stress (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Turgor maintenance, solute content and recovery from water stress were examined in the drought-tolerant shrub Artemisia tridentata. Predawn water potentials of shrubs receiving supplemental water remained above −2 MPa throughout summer, while predawn water potentials of untreated shrubs decreased to −5 MPa. Osmotic potentials decreased in conjunction with water potentials maintaining turgor pressures above 0 MPa. The decreases in osmotic potentials were not the result of osmotic adjustment (i.e. solute accumulation). Leaf solute contents decreased during drought, but leaf water volumes decreased more than 75% from spring to summer, thereby passively concentrating solutes within the leaves. The maintenance of positive turgor pressures despite decreases in leaf water volumes is consistent with other studies of species with elastic cell walls. Inorganic ion, organic acid, and carbohydrate contents of leaves declined during drought. The only solutes accumulating in leaves of A. tridentata with water stress were proline and a cyclitol, both considered compatible solutes. Total and osmotic potentials recovered rapidly following rewatering of shrubs; solute contents did not change except for a decrease in proline. Maintaining turgor through the passive concentration of solutes may be advantageous compared to synthesis of new solutes for osmotic adjustment in arid environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01457.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rehydration-induced changes in pressure-volume relationships of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Pressure-volume measurements were made on Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata samples rehydrated for 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 24 h. Increasing rehydration time caused a significant increase in osmotic potential at turgor loss, cell elasiticity, and the relative water content at turgor loss, and a significant decrease in pressure potential at saturation. Osmotic potential at saturation was changed significantly by rehydration, but no consistent trend was observed. The symplastic water fraction did not differ significantly among treatments. The increase in the osmotic potential at turgor loss did not correspond with decreasing cell elasticity or synthesis of solutes. Instead, the leaf solute content remained constant suggesting a redistribution of solutes between the symplast and apoplast. Using non-rehydrated samples for pressure-volume analysis introduced errors in estimates of the symplastic water fraction, osmotic potential at full turgor, and the relative water content at turgor loss. These errors are due to uncertainties in the determination of saturated weights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01322.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Order, order! (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 734-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-John Maddox's News and Views article "Should camp-followers be policemen?" (Nature 348, 107; 1990) raises again the issue of research article authorship. While it is widely acknowledged that the practice of a senior researcher adding his or her name to a paper in 'honorary co-authorship' ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349734b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from δp15N of soils (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 94 (1993), S. 314-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: δ15N ; Cryptobiotic crusts ; Deserts ; Nitrogen cycling ; Rayleigh distillation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the content and isotopic composition of nitrogen within soils of a juniper woodland and found that a cryptobiotic crust composed of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses was the predominant source of nitrogen for this ecosystem. Disturbance of the crust has resulted in considerable spatial variability in soil nitrogen content and isotopic composition; intercanopy soils were significantly depleted in nitrogen and had greater abundance of 15N compared to intra-canopy soils. Variations in the 15N/14N ratio for inter- and intra-canopy locations followed similar Rayleigh distillation curves, indicating that the greater 15N/14N ratios for inter-canopy soils were due to relatively greater net nitrogen loss. Coverage of cryptobiotic crusts has been reduced by anthropogenic activities during the past century, and our results suggest that destruction of the cryptobiotic crust may ultimately result in ecosystem degradation through elimination of the predominant source of nitrogen input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water and nitrogen dynamics in an arid woodland (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 99 (1994), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cryptobiotic crust ; Desert ecology ; Nitrogen cycle ; Stable isotopes ; Water source
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arid environments are characterized by spatial and temporal variation in water and nitrogen availability. differences in δ15N and δD of four co-occurring species reveal contrasting patterns of plant resource acquisition in response to this variation. Mineralization potential and nitrogen concentration of surface soils associated with plant canopies were greater than inter-canopy locations, and values decreased with increasing depth in both locations. Mineralization potential and nitrogen concentration were both negatively correlated with soil δ15N. The spatial variation in soil δ15N caused corresponding changes in plant δ15N such that plant δ15N values were negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration of surface soils. Plants occurring on soils with relatively high nitrogen concentrations had lower δ15N, and higher leaf nitrogen concentrations, than plants occurring on soils with relatively low nitrogen concentrations. Two general temporal patterns of water and nitrogen use were apparent. Three species (Juniperus, Pinus andArtemisia) relied on the episodic availability of water and nitrogen at the soil surface. δ15N values did not vary through the year, while xylem pressure potentials and stem-water δD values fluctuated with changes in soil moisture at the soil surface. In contrast,Chrysothamnus switched to a more stable water and nitrogen source during drought. δ15N values ofChrysothamnus increased throughout the year, while xylem pressure potentials and stem-water δD values remained constant. The contrasting patterns of resource acquisition have important implications for community stability following disturbance. Disturbance can cause a decrease in nitrogen concentration at the soil surface, and so plants that rely on surface water and nitrogen may be more susceptible than those that switch to more stable water and nitrogen sources at depth during drougnt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between the partitioning of lead in sediments and its accumulation in the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis near a lead smelter (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 57-58 (1991), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Surficial sediment samples and specimens of the filter-feeding marine mussel, Mytilus edulis, were collected at thirteen sites near a Pb/Zn ore stockpile and smelting complex (Canada). Aside from measuring the total S content in the sediment samples, each of these samples were subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to determine the partitioning of Fe and Pb among various geochemical phases and compared with the Pb levels measured in the mussel tissues. About one third of the Fe and more than 90% of the Pb were extracted from the sediments. Sediments collected within Belledune Harbour generally yielded the greatest amount of Pb whereas the highest levels of S were measured in Dalhousie Harbour sediments. Regression analysis indicated that the total S content in the sediments played an important role in defining the Pb accumulation in the mussel tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282901
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  • 7
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    Relationships between the partitioning of lead in sediments and its accumulation in the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis near a lead smelter (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0049-6979
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2932
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from ?p15N of soils (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Water and nitrogen dynamics in an arid woodland (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Growth, Photosynthesis, and Resource Investment for Vegetative and Reproductive Modules of Artemisia Tridentata (1993)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Ecological Society of America.
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