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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lamellar structure and organization in polyethylene gels crystallized from supercritical solution in propane (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 1439-1440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00006a040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility of naphthalene in mixtures of carbon dioxide and ethane (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 35 (1990), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00061a013
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  • 3
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    We've Run the Test (1991)
    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Population and environment. 12:3 (1991:Spring) 189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-0039
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Festschrift in Honor of Dr. Garrett Hardin Sponsored in part by the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:q535-1991-012-03-000001
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  • 4
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    Optimum Human Population Size (1994)
    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Population and environment. 15:6 (1994:July) 469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-0039
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:q535-1994-015-06-000003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    We've run the test (1991)
    Springer
    Population and environment 12 (1991), S. 189-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01357912
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum human population size (1994)
    Springer
    Population and environment 15 (1994), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of social status on individual foraging and community structure in a bird guild (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 100 (1994), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Interference ; Neotropical frugivorous birds Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the influence of social interactions on individual foraging behavior and community structure of frugivorous birds in southern Costa Rica. Detailed observations of large, heterospecific feeding assemblages at fruiting trees revealed the existence of an interspecific dominance hierarchy, largely consistent with body and bill size. Social status influenced access to food in several ways. First, subordinate species were interrupted more and tended to have shorter foraging bouts than dominant species (n 〉 1.000 abouts). Second, analysis of over 7,000 videotaped head movements showed that subordinate species spent a smaller fraction of their foraging bouts actually feeding (as opposed to looking about) than did dominants. Third, when many birds were in a tree simultaneously, the foraging bouts of subordinate species were shortened; this effect was less pronounced or absent for species higher in the dominance hierarchy. Fourth, subordinate species foraged less frequently in mixed-species assemblages than did dominant species. Finally, subordinate species fed disproportionately more in the late afternoon at fruiting trees. The influence of social status appeared to manifest itself at the community level. The species composition of foraging assemblages was compared at isolated fruiting trees situated in an agricultural landscape near to (〈 0.5 km) and far from (〉 6 km) a large tract of primary forest. Whereas the full complement of avian frugivores foraged at the near trees, visitors to the far trees were predominantly of high social status. We discuss reasons why high social status and associated traits might confer an advantage in exploiting human-dominated habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317142
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult emergence phenology in checkerspot butterflies: the effects of macroclimate, topoclimate, and population history (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 96 (1993), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Phenology ; Euphydryas insolation ; Microclimate ; Thermal ecology ; Topography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The prediction of adult emergence times in insect populations can be greatly complicated by microclimatic gradients, especially in circumstances where distributions of juveniles along those gradients vary from year to year. To investigate adult emergence patterns in topographically heterogeneous habitats, we built a model of postdiapause development of the Bay checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha bayensis. The model uses slope-specific insolation as the rate-controlling variable, and accounts for both solar exposure of the habitat and cloud cover. Instar-specific larval mass gains per unit of insolation were determined from mark-recapture experiments. A small correction for daily low temperatures was used to calibrate the model to five years of field data on larval mass. The model predicted mean mass of 90% of larval samples within 4 clear days over a 70–120 day growing season. The magnitude of spatial variation in emergence times across habitat slopes is greater than annual variation in emergence times due to yearly weather conditions. Historical variation (yearly shifts in larval distributions across slopes) is an important determinant of mean population emergence dates. All of these factors need to be considered in understanding adult emergence phenology in this butterfly and in other insects inhabiting heterogeneous thermal environments. Such an understanding can be useful in managing insect populations for both pest control and conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317740
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 99 (1994), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adult emergence time Conservation biology ; Euphydryas editha bayensis Hostplant phenology ; Lifetime reproductive success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We estimated lifetime reproductive success of Euphydryas editha bayensis (Nymphalidae), a federally listed threatened butterfly, based on age-specific fecundity and both adult and offspring survival. Our results indicate that the relative timing of adult emergence and larval hosplant senescence strongly influenced reproductive success of females. For 1992, we estimated that only 8–21% of the eggs laid by females emerging on the 1st day of the 4-week flight season would produce larvae that reach diapause. This figure dropped to 1–5% for females emerging 7 days into the flight season. Within our entire sample, we estimated that 64–88% of the females produced offspring with less than a 2% probability of reaching diapause. These estimates are particularly striking given that they are based on only one source of larval mortality — prediapause starvation due to hostplant senescence. This dependence of reproductive success on the relative timing of female emergence and hostplant senescence may reduce effective population size and render E. editha bayensis especially vulnerable to local extinction events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of spatial distribution in a population of the subalpine butterfly Oeneis chryxus (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 587-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Ecology ; Butterfly ; Oeneis chryxus ; Population structure ; Population dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes temporally varying determinants of the spatial distribution of adults in an insect population and the relationship between that distribution and the mating system. Male Oeneis chryxus butterflies were distributed nonrandomly throughout a sloping Colorado meadow divided horizontally by a dirt road into an upper and lower slope. Over an eight-year period of intensive study, the proportion of males located on the road, the upper slope, and the lower slope varied as a function of population size and sex ratio. In each year, more than half of the male population aggregated on sections of the road in a distinct and recurring pattern that was not correlated with the distribution of any food resource or thermal regime. Females were usually extremely scarce and not distributed in any pattern apparent from the few observations of them. Areas densely occupied by males were associated with visual landmarks. We hypothesize that the male distribution is determined by a pattern of movement of receptive females toward these landmarks. The road offers a thermally favorable environment with an unobstructed view in which to await the passage of scarce females. The mating system in this population has several lek-like features and supports the prediction that landmark mating is a favored strategy under conditions of female scarcity and wide dispersal of resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317724
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