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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1
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    Measurement of the surface composition of the mars moon Phobos: The alpha-X experiment on the Phobos mission (1990)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The APX Spectrometer for Martian Missions (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Obtaining the chemical composition of any planetary body should be a prime science objective of each planetary mission. The APX spectrometer has been designed to provide a detailed and complete chemical composition of all major (except H) and minor elements with high accuracy, in situ and remotely. From such complete analyses a first-order mineralogy of analyzed samples can be deduced. Laboratory studies in the past have shown that rock types (e.g., dunites, basalts, Philippinate 300 sample) were a uniquely in blind test analyses. Such identification is more accurate than can be obtained from any other remote spectroscopic technique. The APX technique is based on three modes of nuclear and atomic interactions of alpha particles with matter resulting in three different energy spectra containing the compositional information. The instrument uses 50 to 100 mCi of Cm-242 or Cm-244 transuranium radioisotopes to provide a monoenergetic beam of alpha particles (6.01 MeV and 5.80 MeV respectively) and solid-state detectors for acquiring the energy spectra.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Planetary Instruments, Part 1; p 6-7
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An Alpha-p-x Analytical Instrument for Lunar Resource Investigations (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: An instrument using alpha backscattering, alpha-proton nuclear reactions, and x-ray production by alpha particles and other auxiliary sources can be used on lunar landers to provide detailed analytical information concerning the lunar surface material. This information is important scientifically and can be the basis for utilizing efficiently lunar resources to build lunar colonies in the future. This alpha particle instrument uses radioactive isotopes, silicon detectors for the alpha and proton modes, and mercuric iodide detectors operating at room temperature for the x-ray mode. The alpha and proton modes of the instrument can provide an analysis for all elements (except hydrogen) present in amounts greater than about 1 percent by atom. These modes have excellent sensitivity and accuracy for the lighter elements, in particular, directly determining the amount of oxygen in the lunar soil. This is an element of paramount significance for the lunar resource mission. The x-ray mode makes possible a determination of Ti, Fe, and other important metals with even greater accuracy. In general, the x-ray mode provides increased sensitivity for heavier elements, in many cases achieving a sensitivity of several hundred ppm.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Lunar Resource Assessment; p 20-22
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Alpha proton x ray spectrometer (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Mars Pathfinder will carry an alpha-proton x ray spectrometer (APX) for the determination of the elemental chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils. The instrument will measure the concentration of all major and some minor elements, including C, N, and O at levels above typically 1 percent.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop; p 36-37
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Use of mercuric iodide X-ray detectors with alpha backscattering spectrometers for space applications (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The authors present X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra of different extraterrestrial samples taken with a mercuric iodide (HgI2) spectrometer inserted into an alpha backscattering instrument identical to that used in the Soviet Phobos mission. The results obtained with the HgI2 ambient temperature detector are compared with those obtained using an Si(Li) cryogenically cooled detector. Efforts to design an optimized instrument for space application are also described. The results presented indicate that the energy resolution and sensitivity of HgI2 detectors are adequate to meet the performance needs of a number of proposed space applications, particularly those in which cooled silicon X-ray detectors are impractical or even not usable, such as for the target science programs on geoscience opportunities for lunar surface, Mars surface, and other comet and planetary missions being planned by NASA and ESA.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); 38; 574-579
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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