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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1991-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-7753
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2755
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-7753
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2755
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Based on an extensive series of normalized full cell Li/TiS2 cycling studies, open-circuit storage tests, microcalorimetry and AC impedance studies, and chemical precedent, we propose an integrated chemical model consistent with experimental observations concerning the behavior of numerous LiAsF6/cyclic ether electrolytes. The particularly striking potency of certain additives such as 2-methylfuran and the hydroxide action resides in their ability to intercept several different adverse catalytic processes concurrently in the bulk electrolyte as well as the Li anode and TiS2 cathode.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: In: Primary and secondary lithium batteries (A93-37355 14-25); p. 293-301.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results of the application of 2-MeF and KOH additives to improve the lithium stability in THF, dioxolane, and THF/2-MeTHF solvent-based electrolytes are presented. The stability of these electrolytes with and without additives is evaluated by microcalorimetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. A novel method, cathode turnover number, is proposed to represent the electrolyte performance in a given system. The lithium cycling efficiency and cathode turnover number of the electrolytes are calculated from the cycle life data in experimental Li-TiS2 cells. Overall, THF/2-MeTHF electrolyte containing 2-MeF and/or KOH exhibited higher stability, lithium cycling efficiency, and cathode turnover number compared to THF and dioxolane electrolytes with and without additives.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: In: Primary and secondary lithium batteries (A93-37355 14-25); p. 280-292.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A study was performed to select candidate lithium alloy anode materials and establish selection criteria. Some of the selected alloy materials were evaluated for their electrochemical properties and performance. This paper describes the criteria for the selection of alloys and the findings of the studies. Li-Si and Li-Cd alloys have been found to be unstable in the EC+2-MeTHF-based electrolyte. The Li-Al alloy system was found to be promising among the alloy systems studied in view of its stability and reversibility. Unfortunately, the large volume changes of LiAl alloys during charge/discharge cycling cause considerable 'exfoliation' of its active mass. This paper also describes ways how to address this problem. The rate of disintegration of this anode would probably be surpressed by the presence of an inert solid solution or a uniform distribution of precipitates within the grains of the active mass. It was discovered that the addition of a small quantity of Mn may improve the mechanical properties of LiAl. In an attempt to reduce the Li-Al alloy vs. Li voltage, it was observed that LiAlPb(0.1)Cd(0.3) material can be cycled at 1.5 mA/sq cm without exfoliation of the active mass.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: In: Primary and secondary lithium batteries (A93-37355 14-25); p. 395-406.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The successful operation of an ambient temperature secondary lithium cell is primarily dependent on the stability of the electrolyte towards lithium. The lithium electrode on open circuit must be inert towards the electrolyte to achieve a long shelf life. The reactivity of tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran based electrolytes with additives such as 2-methylfuran, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and 3-methylsulfolane was investigated by microcalorimetry and ac impedance spectroscopy techniques. Also the stability of electrolytes by open circuit stand tests was studied. Addition of ethylene carbonate and 2-methylfuran additives was found to improve the stability of tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran based electrolytes. Long term microcalorimetry and ac impedance data clearly confirmed the higher stability of ethylene carbonate/2-methyltetrahydrofuran electrolyte compared to the 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and propylene carbonate/2-methyltetrahydrofuran electrolytes.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL) is involved in a NASA sponsored program to develop ambient temperature secondary cells for future space missions. After several years of research on various cathode materials, titanium disulfide (TiS2) was selected in view of its intrinsic reversibility and high faradaic utilization. In the last two years, the efforts were focussed on improving the cycle life of the system and developing 1 Ah cells. Several approaches including the use of mixed solvent electrolytes, the operation of cells at low temperature, and the cycling of cells under different voltage limits, were initially examined to improve the cycle life performance of the Li/TiS2 system. Spiral wound 1 Ah cells fabricated incorporating the improvements from the above studies have delivered more than 600 cycles at 50 percent depth of discharge (DOD). Work is in progress to identify alternate anode materials that can improve the cycle life of the cells to 1000 cycles at 50 percent DOD. The advances made in the Li/TiS2 technology at JPL since 1989 are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Space Electrochemical Research and Technology; p 235-244
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Influence of raw material source, processing methods, and cell operating voltage limits on the performance of TiS2 cathode was examined. Raw materials obtained from three different sources were investigated. TiS2 electrodes were fabricated by painting, rolling, and pressing methods. Raw materials and electrodes were characterized for their physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. The results obtained indicated that the performance of TiS2 cathodes was dependent on the purity and stoichiometry of the TiS2 material. Fabrication methods were found to have minimal influence on the performance of cathodes. The capacity loss observed during the early stages of cycling was attributed to the trapping of lithium in TiS2. Operating voltage limits were found to have significant influence on the cycle life performance of the cells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The main objective of the study described was to identify the causes responsible for the capacity losses observed during cycling of secondary Li-TiS2 cells. Experimental Li-TiS2 cells were fabricated and tested for their cycle life performance. The open circuit voltage of the cells was monitored during the rest period between the charging and discharging. The polarization at the Li and TiS2 electrodes was also monitored during cycling. Cycled cells were disassembled and the cathodes were analyzed by various analytical techniques. The results of the study indicate that the observed capacity loss is almost entirely due to the increased polarization of the TiS2 electrode with cycling. The electrolyte was found to degrade during cycling and the degradation products were found to deposit at the TiS2 electrode, which probably lead to the higher polarization.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: International Power Sources Symposium; Jun 25, 1990 - Jun 28, 1990; Cherry Hill, NJ; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A program was initiated to investigate the effects of storage on the performance of lithium primary cells. Two types of liquid cathode cells were chosen to investigate these effects. The cell types included Li-SOCl2/BCX cells, Li-SO2 cells from two different manufacturers, and a small sample size of 8-year-old Li-SO2 cells. The following measurements are performed at each test interval: open circuit voltage, resistance and weight, microcalorimetry, ac impedance, capacity, and voltage delay. The authors examine the performance characteristics of these cells after one year of controlled storage at two temperatures (10 and 30 C). The Li-SO2 cells experienced little to no voltage and capacity degradation after one year storage. The Li-SOCl2/BCX cells exhibited significant voltage and capacity degradation after 30 C storage. Predischarging shortly prior to use appears to be an effective method of reducing the initial voltage drop. Studies are in progress to correlate ac impedance and microcalorimetry measurements with capacity losses and voltage delay.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: IECEC ''91: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 04, 1991 - Aug 09, 1991; Boston, MA; United States
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