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Effect of transdermal l7β-estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens on biochemical parameters of bone resorption in natural menopause (1993)

Reginster, J. Y. ; Christiansen, C. ; Dequinze, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 13-16

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Menopause ; Estrogen ; Pyridinoline ; Bone resorption

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Summary Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects or oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on biochemical markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women Design: Controlled, randomized group comparison. Setting: Outpatient clinic for menopausal women and research into osteoporosis. Subjects: Sixty healthy women menopausal for less than 5 years and who had never received any medications interfering with bone metabolism. Interventions: The 60 women were randomly allocated to 3 months therapy with either oral conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) (n = 28) or transdermal estradiol (50 jig/day) (n = 32) in cyclical combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/day). Main outcome measures: Traditional (urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine) and the new specific (urinary pyridinoline/creatinine and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine) markers of bone resorption were determined before and after 3 months of treatment. Results: In both groups, circulating levels of estrone and estradiol were significantly (P 〈 0.001) increased during treatment. In women treated with oral conjugated equine estrogens, urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios were significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 69.1 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 50 (4) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 10.8 (1) [mean (SEM)] to 8.3 (0.8) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). In the group treated with transdermal estradiol, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 66.3 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 46.2 (3) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 11.5 (1.5) [mean (SEM)] to 7.7 (0.6) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). There were no differences between the evolution of the biochemical variables in the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral conjugated equine estrogens and transdermal estradiol, in the given doses, are equally effective in reducing postmenopausal bone resorption.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352008

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The diagnostic validity of urinary free pyridinolines to identify women at risk of osteoporosis (1994)

Fledelius, C. ; Riis, B. J. ; Overgaard, K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 381-384

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Pyridinoline ; Free pyridinoline ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Urinary excretion ; Pre- and postmenopausal ; Osteoporosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The urinary excretion of pyridinolines either in the free form or linked to different peptide fragments of type I collagen are intensively studied as new biochemical markers of bone resorption. In the present study we compared the urinary excretion of free pyridinoline (F-Pyr) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Collagen CrosslinksTM Kit, Metra Biosystems) to pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in early postmenopausal women treated with either hormone replacement therapy or placebo and in healthy age-matched premenopausal women. Other markers of bone metabolism were included for comparison. Compared with the premenopausal women, the postmenopausal women had significantly increased values of the biochemical parameters. F-Pyr, Pyr, D-Pyr, and T-Pyr (=Pyr+D-Pyr) decreased during hormone therapy. D-Pyr correlated with the rate of bone loss, whereas this was not the case for F-Pyr. The correlations between the markers yielded r values of 0.71 (F-Pyr vs Pyr), 0.67 (F-Pyr vs D-Pyr), and 0.71 (F-Pyr vs T-Pyr). In conclusion, the present study shows that the newly introduced ELISA for determination of the free pyridinolines is less sensitive than pyridinium crosslinks measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in hydrolyzed urine for the changes in calcium metabolism that occur at menopause and during hormone replacement therapy. Whether this limitation will be balanced out by avoiding the inconvenience of the complicated, expensive, and timeconsuming HPLC procedure is still being debated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305523

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The carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen in serum as a marker of bone resorption: The effect of nandrolone decanoate and hormone replacement therapy (1994)

Hassager, C. ; Jensen, L. T. ; Pødenphant, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 30-33

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum has recently been proposed as a new biochemical marker of bone resorption. In the present study we compared serum ICTP with radiopharmaceutical and histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with mild osteoporosis, and assessed the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (2 mg 17β-estradiol plus 1 mg norethisterone daily) and anabolic steroid therapy (50 mg nandrolone decanoate (ND) i.m. every 3 weeks) on serum ICTP in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies with 55 to 75-year-old women. Serum ICTP measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) correlated significantly with the 24-hour whole body retention of 99m-technetium diphosphonate (Rho=0.47, P〈0.001, n=66), but not with histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover in iliac crest biopsies. One year of HRT (n=16) versus placebo (n=15) did not produce significant changes in serum ICTP. Compared with placebo (n=17), 1 year of ND (n=19) produced an increase in serum ICTP of 90±16% (P〈0.0001); 6 months after discontinuation of the treatment, serum ICTP had returned to pretreatment values. We conclude that serum ICTP does reflect bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis, but it is not a sensitive marker of the changes in bone resorption induced by hormone replacement therapy, and it does not correspond with other measures of bone resorption during anabolic steroid therapy.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316286

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Estimation of the effect of salmon calcitonin in established osteoporosis by biochemical bone markers (1994)

Munk Nielsen, N. ; Recke, P. ; Hansen, M. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 8-11

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Calcitonin ; Follow-up ; Osteoporosis ; Biochemical markers

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We reviewed data on 42 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis (forearm fracture or a low bone mass0 who had been randomly treated for 1 year with either rectal salmon calcitonin (sCT), 100 IU daily (n=25) or nasal sCT, 200 IU daily (n=17) applying an estimation algorithm for bone loss rates. Both groups received a daily calcium supplement of 500 mg. A group of 18 age-matched women who received no treatment served as controls. The bone mineral content of the distal forearm (BMCarm) was measured every 3 months by single photon absorptiometry. The individual rates of change during the 1-year period were calculated by linear regression analysis (αBMCarm). Bone loss rates were estimated initially and after 1 year of therapy by measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma bone Gla protein, and fasting urinary hydroxyproline and calcium (both corrected for creatinine excretion) according to the estimation algorithm. Both administration forms revealed significant control group-corrected decreases in serum and urine markers of bone turnover of 15–40% (P〈0.05–0.01) and positive outcomes of 2% in αBMCarm (P〈0.01). The estimated effect on bone mass was expressed as the difference between the bone loss estimated after 1 year and initially (ΔESTBIO). A significant correlation was seen between αBMCarm and ΔESTBIO (r=0.5, P〈0.0001). We conclude that the effect of sCT on bone can be followed up by biochemical markers for bone turnover, i.e., by an annual blood and fasting urine sample, applying an estimation algorithm for the rate of bone loss.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310161

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5

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Advection-induced oxygen variability in the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition (1994)

Skyum, P. ; Christiansen, C. ; Lund-Hansen, L. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Hydrobiologia 281 (1994), S. 65-77

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: frontal zone ; oxygen-depletion ; pycnocline elevation ; advection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Instances of strong oxygen variations are described for two shallow water stations in the Kattegat, situated at the fluctuating frontal zone between outflowing surface water from the Baltic and inflowing bottom water from the Skagerrak/North Sea. The events consist of both a rapid emergence and a rapid disappearance of oxygen-depletion. Changes in oxygen concentration amounted to more than 20 g m−2 d−1 for the total water columns. Such high rates of change can not be explained by net local bottom oxygen consumption (0.6 g m−2 d−1) or net local water oxygen consumption (1.6 g m−2 d−1). The oxygen variations were influenced by the local and regional meteorological conditions. The observed instance of shallow water oxygen-depletion was connected to upward movement of the pycnocline and associated advective transport of oxygen-depleted Kattegat bottom waters to a shallow water area. Similarly, rapid disappearance of the bottom water oxygen deficit in a shallow water area was found to depend more on pycnocline lowering in connection with advective transport, than on the effect of local wind driven mixing.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006436

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