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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest re-use and communal nesting inMicrothurge corumbae (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), with special reference to nest defense (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Nest re-use ; communal nesting ; nest defense ; Microthurge corumbae ; Megachilidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Observations on the nesting activities ofMicrothurge corumbae, carried out at the University Campus of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1977 to 1981, indicated that 61.9 % of nests were re-used by succeeding generations. Re-use by one generation was more frequent than by two generations, and re-use by a third was observed only once. Nests were re-used by one or several females. Single females were more frequently in the first re-use. In these cases nest re-use did not differ essentially from the solitary foundation of a new nest, except for the adoption of a pre-existing nest without excavation. In multifemale nests, analysis of relative age (wing wear), ovarian and spermathecal conditions of associated females and the content of nests at excavation indicated that the social pattern in such colonies is communal. There is some evidence that the associated females are relatives. The chalcidoid waspLeucospis was the principal nest parasite, and ants of the genusCrematogaster were nest predators. In multifemale nests, the rate of parasitism was significantly lower than in solitary nests, indicating that nest-sharing resulted in improved nest defense. On the other hand, the absence of predation on immatures of the first generation of M.commbae in multifemale nests suggests that such nests are also more resistant to attack by predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323950
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parent density on fecundity of two parasitoids [Hym.: Pteromalidae] of the olive beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides [Col.: Scolytidae] (1991)
    Springer
    BioControl 36 (1991), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoid rearing ; Cheiropachus quadrum ; Raphitelus maculatus ; biotic potential ; olive tree beetle ; élevage ; parasitoïde ; Cheiropachus quadrum ; Raphitelus maculatus ; potentialité biologique ; scolyte de l'olivier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons réalisé l'élevage des principaux parasitoïdes du scolyte de l'olivier,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) au Sud de l'Espagne:Cheiropachus quandrum (Fabricius, 1787) etRaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834, en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire (22±2°C, 60±5% H.R. et photopériode 16L.: 8 D.), et nous avons testé différentes densités de population pour en connaître le comportement reproducteur, ce qui est très important pour obtenir un meilleur rendement de l'élevage. Les résultats de l'examen montrent l'existence d'une forte concurrence entre les individus du même sexe; chez la femelle cela implique une réduction de la fécondité, montrant une corrélation potentiellement négative avec la densité de population. Nous avons évalué les potentialités biologiques qui correspondent aux 2 principales espèces de parasitoïdes, avec et sans concurrence des ΦΦ par l'oviposition, et nous avons discuté les rapports entre la colonisation des sites d'infestation du scolyte de l'olivier et ses parasitoïdes.
    Notes: Abstract Under laboratory conditions (22±2°C, 60%±5% H.R.; and 16L.: 8D. photoperiod), the rearing of the 2 main parasitoids ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) in Southern Spain:Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) andRaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834 (Hym.: Pteromalidae) has been carried out. Several densities of population of the parasitoids have been tested in order to determine their reproductive behaviour, and this is significant if the output of a rearing is to be increased. A great competition among the individuals of the same sex has been observed; in the case of the ΦΦ, a potential negative correlation with the increase of density of population, has been noted. The biotic potential belonging to the 2 principal parasitoids species with and without competition, are calculated, and the aspects concerning the parasitoid colonization of the olive tree beetle infestation spots, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374429
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of breeding conditions on longevity and fecundity ofRaphitelus maculatus [Hym.: Pteromalidae] reared under standard laboratory conditions (1990)
    Springer
    BioControl 35 (1990), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoids ; breeding conditions ; Raphitelus maculatus ; nourishment ; parasitoides ; conditions d'élevage ; Raphitelus maculatus ; alimentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Raphitelus maculatus Walker est un parasitoide fréquemment associé au scolyte de l'olivier,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard, qui hiverne dans les branches de l'olivier (Olea europea L.). Dans les conditions contrôlées de laboratoire (22 ± 2°C, 60% H.R. et photopériode 16L∶8.0.),R. maculatus complète son cycle larvaire en 17 jours environ, tandisqueP. scarabaeoides effectue son développement en 48 jours. On a étudié l'effet des conditions d'élevage sur la longévité des adultes et sur la fécondité des femelles et on a observé qu'elles sont très sensibles aux conditions alimentaires. La longévité varie selon la disponibilité en eau et en nourriture entre 2.65 et 14.95 jours chez les ♂♂, entre 5.04 et 15.57 jours chez les ♀♀. La fécondité (nombre moyen d'œufs déposés) varie entre 18.2/♀♀ sans nourriture et 44.5/♀♀ alimentée.
    Notes: Abstract The rearing ofRaphitelus maculatus Walker, which oviposits through the bark onto beetle larvae has been carry out under standard laboratory conditions of 22 ± 2°C, 60% R.H. and photoperiod 16L∶8D. The host (Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard) has been reared by cutting fresh branches of living olive tree on which they overwinter as adults. The effect of several rearing conditions (feeding conditions) on longevity and fecundity has been tested. The time of parasitoid and host development as well as the periods of emergence from the infested cut branches has been determined. It has been noted that both longevity and fecundity are influenced by the feeding conditions, reaching toca. double value when parasitoids were fully fed. Under standard rearing conditionsR. maculatus completes its life cycle in 17–18 days depending on sex, whereasP. scarabaeoides takes about 48 days. Finally 3 emergence periods has been observed from which the 1st is the most important and the 3rd is always the less significantly one, provided that the emerging brood cannot oviposits easier than the parents due to a decrease on host larvae proportion as well as on parasitoid fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375265
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of soil adhesion to radiocaesium uptake by leafy vegetables (1994)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 33 (1994), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Goiânia accident, Brazil, was used as an opportunity to quantify the contributions of different mechanisms, in particular mass loading, leading to caesium uptake by leafy vegetables in a semi-urban environment contaminated with137Cs. Soil splash contributions of 70–90% were quantified for lettuce and 50–60% for green cole. Soil mass loadings of 130 and 340 mg · g−1 were estimated for lettuce and 120 and 150 mg · g−1 for green cole. The results call attention to the potential significant contribution of the soil splash to radionuclide uptake by plants which have the edible plant parts near the soil surface (within 30–40 cm) and low root uptake factors. For radiological assessment purposes it could also be necessary to consider the contamination of crops by this mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210458
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of bioassay conditions for the olive bark beetle Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Laboratory bioassay ; olfactometer ; olive bark beetle ; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassay conditions with a glass olfactometer for the olive bark beetle, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bern. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), have been investigated. The best temperatures and light intensities were between 17 and 28° C and 1000 and 1500 lux, respectively. The best response was obtained with newly emerged individuals from reproduction galleries with no feeding period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350349
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of ethylene from pruned olive logs: Influence on attack by bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2513-2521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; kairomones ; ethylene ; ethrel ; Olea europaea ; olive tree ; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In recently pruned olive logs, an increase in ethylene release has been observed between 48 and 72 hr after pruning. The values reached, as well as the duration of ethylene release, varied greatly from one log to another. PioneerPhloeotribus scarabaeoides females have shown a preference for logs in which ethylene emission was higher. In logs treated with ethrel, a significant increase in ethylene emission was observed, together with a greater period of release. Therefore, the use of logs treated with ethrel could be of great importance in the control of this pest of olive trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036188
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the reproductive biology of two parasites ofHylesinus varius andPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Col: Scolytidae): Cheiropachus quadrum (Hym: Pteromalidae) andDendrosoter protuberans (Hym: Braconidae) (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: olive ; Scolytidae ; parasitoid ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des observations ont été réalisées sur la biologie deCheiropachus quadrum F. (Hym.: Pteromalidae) etDendrosoter protuberans (Nees) (Hym.: Braconidae), principales espèces de parasitoïdes des scolytes ravageurs de l'olivier,Hylesinus varius F. etPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Col.: Scolytidae), dans le sud de l'Espagne. Les résultats ont montré qu'une augmentation de la taille du corps de l'hôte n'implique pas une augmentation de l'efficacité parasitaire. En fait, la taille de l'hôte agit sur l'efficacité parasitaire d'une façon inverse pourC. quadrum. D'après cette observation et vu l'abondance de l'hôte et la facilité de son élevage en laboratoire, il est donc conseillé d'utiliserP. scarabaeoides comme hôte pour l'élevage de masse des parasitoïdes étudiés ici. Par ailleurs, la lumière blanche est un facteur négatif en ce qui concerne la longévité et la fécondité du parasitoïde. Le stade pupe ainsi que tous les stades larvaires sont parasités.C. quadrum ne montre aucune préférence pour un stade de développement particulier de l'hôte alors que chezD. protuberans, il y a une préférence pour le 3e et le 5e stade larvaire. Quant à la sex ratio des parasitoïdes, une augmentation du nombre de mâles augmente la fécondité des femelles. Les résultats obtenus par cette étude sont très importants et vont permettre le développement d'un programme de lutte biologique contre les scolytes de l'olivier basé sur l'accroissement des populations deC. quadrum etD. protuberans.
    Notes: Abstract Observations on the biology ofCheiropachus quadrum (Hym: Pteromalidae) andDendrosoter protuberans (Hym: Braconidae), were conducted. Both species are the main parasites of the olive bark beetlesHylesinus varius andPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Col: Scolytidae) in the South of Spain. Results have shown that an increase in body size of the host does not imply an increase in parasite efficiency. In fact, host size inversely affects parasite efficiency forC. quadrum. Bearing in mind this fact, the abundance of the host and the ease of its rearing in the lab, it is therefore advisable to useP. scarabaeoides as the host for mass rearing of the parasites studied here. On the other hand, the presence of white light is a negative factor for parasite longevity and fecundity. The pupae and all larval instars are parasitised.C. quadrum does not have a preference for any particular stage or larval instar of the host whilst there is a preference for the third and fifth larval instar byD. protuberans. With respect to the sex ratio of parasites, an increase in the number of males increases the fecundity of the females. The results obtained in this study can be considered essential in the development of a biological control system for olive bark beetle pests based on an increase in the population ofC. quadrum andD. protuberans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373494
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  • 8
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    The application of thermally stimulated processes to the study of poly p-phenylene sulfide (1993)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0379-6779
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Small-angle X-ray-scattering investigation of poly(p-phenylene) with fractal properties (1993)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0379-6779
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Drift mobility determinations using surface potential decay in undoped poly p-phenylene sulfide (1991)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0379-6779
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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