ISSN:
1871-4528
Keywords:
Salzstreß
;
Vegetationsdauer
;
Wachstumshemmung
;
Knollenbildung
;
Witterungseinfluß
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
Description / Table of Contents:
Summary The sensitivity to salt of the medium-early potato cultivars Hansa, Grata, Clivia and Erntestolz was studied in relation to vegetation period, shoot development and tuber yield. Two pot experiments (1985 and 1986) were done in an enclosed vegetation hall. Salt was applied once: a week after emergence, at the beginning of tuber formation, or during tuber development. The salt solutions (conductivities 4, 8 and 12 mS/cm) contained NaCl and Na2SO4. The results show that sensitivity to salt altered from one development stage to another for all four cultivars. Salt applied a week after emergence delayed senescence of the plants (Figure 1). An initial delay of shoot development, especially at high salt concentrations was compensated later by higher growth rates. Figure 2 gives the example of cv Hansa. Plants were most sensitive to the application of salt at the begin of tuber formation: there was a slowing down of the growth rate, and at higher salt concentrations an immediate standstill in growth processes, which resulted in smaller plants (Fig. 3). Moreover all four cultivars showed earlier senescence and large yield reductions, especially in the first experimental year (Table 1). When applied during tuber development salt had only a marginal effect on shoot development, but it did shorten the vegetation period. Damage to or restriction of assimilate transport in the tubers is probably the cause of the reduced yield. Salt at 4 mS/cm had no significant effect on yield, but at 8 mS/cm and especially 12 mS/cm there were drastic reductions, depending on cultivar, weather and application time. ‘Clivia’ and ‘Erntestolz’ generally yielded better than ‘Hansa’ and ‘Grata’ at high salt concentrations and unfavourable weather conditions (Table 1). The difference in the results from the two experimental years highlights the influence of weather conditions on the effect of salt treatment. Under the conditions in the first year, which were relatively favourable for development and yield, clear differences emerged with respect to salt concentration and application time. High temperatures and radiation in the second year resulted in lower yields and smaller differences between the controls and plants treated with salt.
Notes:
Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung von Salzstreß in drei verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien auf die Vegetationsdauer, die Pflanzenentwicklung und den Knollenertrag wurde bei den mittelfrühen Sorten Hansa, Grata Clivia und Erntestolz untersucht. Salzlösungen (NaCL+Na2SO4) in Konzentrationen von 4, 8 und 12 mS/cm wurden einmalig appliziert, und zwar eine Woche nach Aufgang, zu Beginn der Knollenbildung und während der Knollenentwicklung. Bei Salzapplikation eine Woche nach Aufgang zeigte sich zunächst eine Hemmung der Sproßentwicklung, die durch anschließende hohe Wachstumsraten kompensiert wurde. Zu Beginn der Knollenbildung einsetzende Versalzung wirkte sich am stärksten aus und hatte bei hohen Salzkonzentrationen eine, Beendigung der oberirdischen Entwicklung, früheres Absterben und hohe Ertragseinbußen zur Folge. Während der Knollenentwicklung einsetzende Versalzung hatte nur geringfügigen Einfluß auf die Sproßentwicklung, führte aber zu früherem Absterben der Pflanzen und geringerem Knollenertrag. ‘Clivia’ und ‘Erntestolz’ bildeten bei hohen Salzkonzentrationen und ungünstiger Witterung überwiegend höhere Erträge als ‘Hansa’ und ‘Grata’.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358127
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