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  • Articles  (117)
  • 1990-1994  (117)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A compact interferometer using moire effect for the phase compensation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3856-3861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact interferometer using a grating beamsplitter is reported. The phase of the interference signal was adjusted by using the moire effect of the gratings, so that a small optical path difference was compensated precisely by the magnified displacement of the grating. The optical system was analyzed theoretically on the basis of the Fourier optics. For the interferometric measurement in the microscopic region, a compact optical system was assembled from the microscopic objective and the 25-μm gratings. The characteristics of the proposed interferometer were investigated in the measurements of film thickness, piezoelectric vibration, and photoacoustic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143283
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron optical characterization of cubic boron nitride thin films prepared by reactive ion plating (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3007-3012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron nitride films prepared by reactive ion plating from a boron evaporation source were characterized structurally using three independent electron optical techniques: energy filtered electron diffraction with radial distribution function analysis; electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the near-edge structure of the boron K edge; and spectroscopy of the plasmon region of the energy-loss spectrum. Both specimens had a graded BNx layer between the BN layer and the silicon substrate and in addition one specimen had a titanium bonding layer underneath the BNx layer. The presence of c-BN in both specimens was confirmed by all techniques. The specimen with the titanium bonding layer was examined in cross section and showed essentially pure c-BN on the surface. A model for the formation of c-BN assisted by the compressive stress generated during deposition is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349330
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-time diffusion in plasma turbulence with broad uniform spectrum (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2786-2792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The long-time behavior of charged particles in plasma turbulence with uniform broad wave spectrum is studied numerically. The diffusivity of the particle velocity distribution is characterized by the quasilinear nature for extended time, while a transient diffusion precedes with the enhanced nonquasilinear diffusion rate when resonance overlapping is relatively weak. The observed long-time quasilinear diffusion coefficient eventually decreases due to the finiteness of the resonance region. The transient-type diffusion is revealed only by the higher-order numerical calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860667
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher-order solution of an ion-acoustic solitary wave in a plasma (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple method for obtaining higher-order solutions of a solitary wave is presented. The method is based on the higher-order approximation of the reductive perturbation method. As a model equation, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation with fifth-order dispersion term is employed and higher-order solutions are obtained. In the case of ion-acoustic solitary wave, the fourth-order solution is given explicitly and is compared with numerical solutions. The fourth-order solution is shown to be valid if a normalized wave amplitude is less than 0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860526
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mode force microscopy for the detection of lateral and vertical electrostatic forces (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2573-2575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, a variant of scanning force microscope for detecting attractive forces is reported. The force gradients of the attractive forces acting in two orthogonal directions were detected simultaneously from the resonant frequency shifts of a cantilever oscillating in two directions. Using the fine electrode sample, the distributions of the electrostatic forces acting in lateral and vertical directions were visualized separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved microscratch hardness of ion-plated carbon film by nitrogen inclusion evaluated by atomic force microscope (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 3206-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen-containing carbon films where deposited by reactive ion plating under a pure nitrogen ambient. Knoop hardness, microindentation hardness, and microscratch hardness of these films were evaluated. Indentation hardness, such as Knoop hardness and microindentation hardness, is influenced by surface roughness and substrate hardness, so the effect of nitrogen inclusion on the hardness cannot be clearly evaluated. In contrast, an atomic force microscope can clearly evaluate the effect of nitrogen inclusion on scratched wear depth. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112414
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence of porous Si, oxidized then deoxidized chemically (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 46-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We examined the change in photoluminescence spectra of porous Si when it is oxidized then deoxidized chemically. After both steps, photoluminescence shifted to higher frequencies and increased in intensity. These shifts to higher frequencies indicate the photoluminescence is a result of the quantum size effect. Moreover, the increase in photoluminescence intensity after oxidation suggests that termination by hydrogen on the porous Si surface does not always play a key role in the photoluminescence mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107663
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase advances of circadian rhythms in somatostatin depleted rats: effects of cysteamine on rhythms of locomotor activity and electrical discharge of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 677-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Cysteamine ; Somatostatin ; Brain slice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Somatostatin is synthesized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a circadian pacemaker in mammals. To explore the functional significance of somatostatin in the circadian system, we examined rhythms of rat locomotor activity and electrical firing rate of SCN neurons in the brain slice after temporal depletion of somatostatin levels in the SCN. Intraperitoneal administration of cysteamine (200 mg/kg), a somatostatin depletor, significantly reduced somatostatin level in the in vivo SCN 5 min after injection and kept low level as long as 3 to 4 days. This administration, on the other hand, induced significant phase advances of about 51 min in the subsequent free-running rhythm of locomotor activity of the rat. A marked phase advance in the circadian rhythm of firing rate in the SCN was also observed after administration of cysteamine in coronal hypothalamic slices. These persistent phase shifts after administration of a somatostatin depletor may suggest that the change of somatostatin level in the SCN have a feedback influence on the circadian pacemaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191840
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of protein secretion by optimizing protein synthesis: isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants with increased secretion ability of alkaline phosphatase (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Overexpression of the Escherichia coli phoA gene, coding for alkaline phosphatase, on multicopy plasmids caused the accumulation of the precursor form of alkaline phosphatase. The cells lost their viability by a half-life of 60 min and exhibited high sensitivity to 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), suggesting that the assembly of the surface proteins were affected by overexpression of the phoA gene. From the cells exhibiting resistance to 1% SDS, we obtained 20 mutants that secrete more alkaline phosphatase into the periplasmic space. Three representatives of the mutants accumulated no precursor molecules and secreted alkaline phosphatase by five- to six-fold that of the wild-type cells carrying multicopy phoA. In all of the three mutants, the amount of phoA transcripts were two to four times less than those in the wild-type cells, indicating that the ability to secrete a large amount of alkaline phosphatase was conferred by decreasing the synthetic rates of the phoA gene product. When the promoter of phoA was replaced with the tacI promoter and the expression level of the phoA gene was regulated with isopropyl-1-thio-β-d-galactoside, the secretion of alkaline phosphatase into the periplasm decreased as the synthetic rate of the phoA gene product increased over a threshold. All these results indicate that overproduction of the phoA gene product causes defects in the secretion of alkaline phosphatase and that the regulation of the expression level is essential for efficient translocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186954
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of protein secretion by optimizing protein synthesis: isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants with increased secretion ability of alkaline phosphatase (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Overexpression of the Escherichia coli phoA gene, coding for alkaline phosphatase, on multicopy plasmids caused the accumulation of the precursor form of alkaline phosphatase. The cells lost their viability by a half-life of 60 min and exhibited high sensitivity to 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), suggesting that the assembly of the surface proteins were affected by overexpression of the phoA gene. From the cells exhibiting resistance to 1% SDS, we obtained 20 mutants that secrete more alkaline phosphatase into the periplasmic space. Three representatives of the mutants accumulated no precursor molecules and secreted alkaline phosphatase by five- to six-fold that of the wild-type cells carrying multicopy phoA. In all of the three mutants, the amount of phoA transcripts were two to four times less than those in the wild-type cells, indicating that the ability to secrete a large amount of alkaline phosphatase was conferred by decreasing the synthetic rates of the phoA gene product. When the promoter of phoA was replaced with the tacI promoter and the expression level of the phoA gene was regulated with isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactoside, the secretion of alkaline phosphatase into the periplasm decreased as the synthetic rate of the phoA gene product increased over a threshold. All these results indicate that overproduction of the phoA gene product causes defects in the secretion of alkaline phosphatase and that the regulation of the expression level is essential for efficient translocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050125
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