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  • 1
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    Evidence for subsidence in the 1989 Arctic winter stratosphere from airborne infrared composition measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Simultaneous measurements of the stratospheric burdens of CO2, HCN, N2O, CH4, OCS, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CHF2Cl and HF were made by the Jet propulsion Laboratory MkIV interferometer on board the NASA DC-8 aircraft during January and early February 1989 as part of the Airborne Arctic Stratosphere Experiment. Data were acquired on 11 flights at altitudes of up to 12 km over a geographic region covering the NE Atlantic Ocean, Iceland and Greenland. The results obtained show large variations in the burdens of these tracers due to the effects of transport. The tropospheric source gas burdens were reduced inside the polar vortex, suggesting that the air had subsided with respect to the surrounding midlatitude air. Increased HF burdens inside the vortex support this interpretation. The results obtained from the different tracers are highly consistent with each other and indicate that in the 15- to 20-km altitude range inside the vortex, surfaces of constant volume mixing ratio were located some 5-6 km lower in absolute altitude than outside the vortex. The results also indicate that the magnitude of this subsidence increases with altitude. These conclusions are consistent with other measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D8, M
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  • 2
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    Spectrographic observation at wavelengths near 630 nm of the interaction between the atmosphere and the Space Shuttle exhaust (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The interaction between the Space Shuttle exhaust and the ambient atmosphere was studied using spectra in the wavelength region near 630 nm, obtained from the Air Force Maui Optical Station were the temporal, spatial, and spectral distribution of the emission in this region was recorded. The results show that, when the Space Shuttle exhaust gases interact with the atmosphere in the ram direction, an intense long-lasting emission is generated at 630 nm due to O(1D - 3P). A substantial amount of O(1D) is swept back onto the orbiter. Two processes responsible for the formation of O(1D) are proposed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A12; p. 19,501-19,508.
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements over the Brazilian Amazon Basin during the wet season - Relationships with nitrogen oxides and ozone (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis is presented on the distribution and variability of PAN as well as its relationship with measured chemical and meteorological parameters. The chemicals of most interest for which measurements were available are PAN, NO(x), O3, CO, and C2Cl4. PAN was measured by the electron capture gas chromatographic technique, and the technique for calibrations and measurements are detailed. Data show that significant concentrations of PAN (5-125 ppt) are present during the wet season and this PAN is 1-5 times more abundant than NO(x). PAN levels at different atmospheric locations are discussed, and it is noted that PAN shows evidence of a possible latitudinal gradient in the free troposphere, with values falling rapidly from the northern midlatitudes toward the equator. High correlations between O3 and PAN levels suggest that nonmethane hydrocarbons may contribute significantly to high O3 in the free troposphere. Evidence indicates that virtually all of the NO(x) above 4 km could result from PAN decomposition.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16945-16
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  • 4
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    Ratios of peroxyacetyl nitrate to active nitrogen observed during aircraft flights over the eastern Pacific Ocean and continental United States (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10179-10
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  • 5
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    Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry along air parcel trajectories (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The study of coupled heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry due to polar stratospheric clouds (PSC's) using Lagrangian parcel trajectories for interpretation of the Airborne Arctic Stratosphere Experiment (AASE) is discussed. This approach represents an attempt to quantitatively model the physical and chemical perturbation to stratospheric composition due to formation of PSC's using the fullest possible representation of the relevant processes. Further, the meteorological fields from the United Kingdom Meteorological office global model were used to deduce potential vorticity and inferred regions of PSC's as an input to flight planning during AASE.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington, NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program: Research Summaries 1988-1989; p 239-240
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Irregular, long-period boundary oscillations beyond approximately 100 R(sub e): GEOTAIL plasma observations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Near the tail boundary beyond about 100 Re, GEOTAIL often measures irregular, long-period oscillations in plasma velocity and density. Flow speed and density oscillate between magnetosheath values and values an order of magnitude less. The oscillations can persist for days. A typical oscillation lasts 100 minutes, but the range is large. The oscillations are highly asymmetric in that the increasing phase of the oscillation is an order of magnitude faster than the decreasing phase. This asymmetry shows that they are a distinct class of oscillations, not previously explicitly reported, and that they are not mere consequences of tail flapping in a variable solar wind. The changes in flow direction through an oscillation imply that the oscillation results from a motion of the boundary toward and away from the spacecraft with an amplitude between 5 and 10 R(sub e). A consideration of options suggests that the most plausible cause of these oscillations is the 'breathing' of the magnetotail that attends the substorm cycle.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 25; p. 2979-2982
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  • 7
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    Properties of the mantle-like magnetotail boundary layer: GEOTAIL data compared with a mantle model (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Near the tail boundary beyond about 100 R(sub e), GEOTAIL often encounters a plasma mantle-like boundary layer in which the plasma flowing tailward transitions smoothly from magnetosheath values of speed and density to much smaller values, more characteristic of the tail lobe. This boundary layer had earlier been recognized on the basis of International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE 3) measurements. GEOTAIL confirms the existence of this layer and extends the documentation on its behavior. Boundary oscillations sweep the boundary layer over the spacecraft enabling GEOTAIL to 'sound' the layer's profile of plasma parameters. The density-versus-speed correlogram of the mantle-like part -- a useful diagnostic for comparisons -- is reasonably well simulated by a 1-D, MHD slow-mode expansion fan model of the plasma mantle. Flow directions are consistent with an open plasma mantle on the northern, duskside flank of the tail, as expected for the standard magnetic merging model of mantle formation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 25; p. 2975-2978
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  • 8
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    The seasonal evolution of reactive chlorine in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) at mid- and high northern latitudes are reported for the period October 1991 to February 1992. As early as mid-December and throughout the winter, significant enhancements of this ozone-destroying radical were observed within the polar vortex shortly after temperatures dropped below 195 K. Decreases in ClO observed in February were consistent with the rapid formation of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) by recombination of ClO with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) released photochemically from nitric acid (HNO3). Outside the vortex, ClO abundances were higher than in previous years as a result of NO(x) suppression by heterogeneous reactions on sulfate aerosols enhanced by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5125; p. 1134-1136.
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  • 9
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    Waves generated in the vicinity of an argon plasma gun in the ionosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Wave and particle observations were made in the close vicinity of an argon plasma gun carned to over 600 km altitude on a sounding rocket. The gun was carned on a subpayload, separated from the main payload early in the flight. Twelve-second argon ion ejections were energized alternately with a peak energy of 100 or 200 eV. They produced waves, with multiple harmonics, in the range of ion cyclotron waves, 10 to 1000 Hz at rocket altitudes. Many of these waves could not be identified as corresponding to the cyclotron frequencies of any of the ions, argon or ambient, known to be present. In addition, the wave frequencies were observed to rise and fall and to change abruptly during a 12-s gun operation. The wave amplitudes, near a few hundred Hertz, were of the order of O. 1 V/m. Some of the waves may be ion-ion hybrid waves. Changes in ion populations were observed at the main payload and at the subpayload during gun operations. A gun-related, field-aligned, electron population also appeared.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A6; p. 9483-9492.
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  • 10
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    Field and thermal plasma observations of ULF pulsations during a magnetically disturbed interval (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A ULF pulsation event is discussed on the basis of experimental observations of electric and magnetic field measurements as well as particle measurements from the DE 1 spacecraft. The observations were made near the magnetic equator in a space covering a large range of L shells and magnetic latitudes, and comparisons are made to ground observations. Azimuthal oscillations are observed following gradually decaying long-period compressional waves. Weak interaction between magnetic shells indicates that the source is probably weak, and ground data on magnetic pulsations showed strong signals that did not necessarily correspond to the quasisinusoidal pulsations observed in space. Azimuthal pulsations observed by the spacecraft indicate that there was a plasma density gradient beyond the plasmapause. The ULF pulsations were probably affected by changes in the magnetic field and solar-wind dynamic pressure, and their periods are found to be linked to geomagnetic latitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A10; p. 14,859-14,875.
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