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  • Chemistry  (3,313)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (916)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (844)
  • Humans  (473)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • 1990-1994  (5,589)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(sodium acrylamidoalkanoate) s: Syntheses and solution properties in relation to flocculation study in water treatment (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The micelle-forming monomers of sodium 6-acrylamidocaproate (Na 6-AAC), sodium 11-acrylamidoundecanoate (Na 11-AAU), sodium 11-(N-methylacrylamido) undecanoate (Na 11-MAAU), and sodium 11-(N-ethylacrylamido) undecanoate (Na 11-EAAU) have been synthesized and polymerized. Except poly(Na 6-AAC), the molecular weights of the other three poly(sodium acrylamidoalkanoate) s were over 106. They behave as strong anionic polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. Their solution properties, such as viscosity, charge density, and radius of gyration, were investigated. The performance of these anionic polyelectrolytes as coagulant aids in water treatment were assessed by jar test. Poly(Na 6-AAC) and poly (Na 11-AAU) were superior to poly (Na 11-MAAU) and poly (Na 11-EAAU) in terms of flocs settling. All these four anionic polyelectrolytes tested in water treatment are as effective as a commercially available cationic polyamine organic coagulant (Hyperfloc CP 753).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420127
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    An unusually strong Einstein ring in the radio source PKS1830 - 211 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High-resolution radio images of PKS1830 - 211 are obtained to study the possibility that the double structure is a gravitationally lensed object. The VLBI observations, taken from interferometric radiotelescope networks, reveal an elliptical ring that connects two bright spots of similar composition. Because the lens and the lensed object are closely aligned, and because of the structure of the two spots, the source is concluded to be a radio Einstein ring. The source is found to be close to the galactic plane, and the lens and the lensed object are extragalactic. The source is also found to be unusually bright, suggesting that it is aligned with a bright background source or amplified by some mechanism related to a source that is not so bright.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 352; 132-134
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of copper and cobalt by biopolymer gels (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 266-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The recovery of copper from synthetic aqueous media circulating in a loop fluidized bed reactor operated batchwise was investigated by using the following biopolymer systems: (1) a viscous solution of sodium alginate (from kelp) dispensed directly into the reactor fluid containing dissolved copper (sulfate salt) at initial concentrations of 60-200 ppm, (2) partially coagulated calcium alginate spheres for absorbing dissolved copper at initial concentrations of 10-40 ppm, and (3) a mixture of green algae Microcystis and sodium alginate dispensed directly into the reactor fluid. The recovery of copper and cobalt, a strategic metal, from cobalt ore leachate was achieved by a two-step approach: direct dispensing of sodium alginate to absorb the bulk of metals followed by the addition of partially coagulated calcium alginate spheres to “polish” the leachate. Metal binding capacity and conditional stability constant of each biopolymer system as well as the effective diffusivity of cupric ion in the matrix of biopolymer gels are reported.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370309
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal effects in the detection of ions from bioorganic substances by mass spectrometry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The characteristics of the detection of ions of the alkali metals and of cluster ions of the type (H2O)NMH+ (where M is an amino acid) are markedly different from those for the detection of protonated saccharose ions. The latter are shown to produce a signal from a secondary electron multiplier detector at a lower ion energy than the threshold energy for the former ions. An explanation is proposed in terms of the charge localization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination effects in inorganic ion-cluster detection by secondary-electron multiplier in mass spectrometry experiments (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Discrimination effects in secondary electron multipliers due to the differences in kinetic energy with which ions of different masses strike the dynode surface are investigated. The threshold energy at which ions of a particular mass can be detected is discussed. The efficiencies of such multipliers when used with cluster ions such as H+(H2O)N (where Cat+ represents an alkali-metal cation) are investigated and discussed, in terms of both the ‘kinetic’ and ‘potential’ emission coefficients.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear protein redistribution in heat-shocked cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 154 (1993), S. 402-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An increase was observed in the total protein mass of nuclei isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells heated at 45°C or 45.5°C. An increase in the fractional recovery of DNA polymerase α and β, and of DNA topoisomerase activity coincided with this increase in the protein mass of nuclei from heated cells. Nuclear protein mass which was soluble in 2.0 M NaCl decreased 0.5 fold, while DNA-associated and nuclear matrix-associated protein mass increased 2.2 and 3.4 fold, respectively. The results indicate that the increase in nuclear protein mass observed in nuclei from heated cells is due in part to an increased binding, or precipitation, of nuclear proteins onto the cell's DNA and nuclear matrix. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041540224
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role for autocrine TGF-β1 in regulating differentiation of a human leukemic cell line toward osteoclast-like cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 160 (1994), S. 482-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Increasing evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in bone formation during remodeling. Using a recently cloned human leukemic cell line (FLG 29.1 cells) we demonstrate that these cells synthesize and secrete TGF-β1 and that exogenous or autocrine TGF-β1 can induce the same features of osteoclastic-like cells, exerting its effects through the binding to TGF-β specific receptors. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled TGF-β1 to FLG 29.1 cells revealed the presence of a single high affinity binding site with a Kd value of ∼25 pM and a binding capacity of ∼900 sites/cell. Affinity labeling experiments showed that FLG 29.1 cells express type I and type II TGF-β receptors. Stimulation of FLG 29.1 cells with low TGF-β1 doses reduced cell proliferation and increased cell adhesion and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity. Pretreatment of FLG 29.1 cells with TGF-β1 caused a significant and dose-dependent response to calcitonin. Northern blot of total mRNA and analysis of the conditioned media (CM) showed that TGF-β1 was synthesized by FLG 29.1 cells. TPA treatment, which induces partial differentiation of these cells, markedly increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression and growth factor release. The majority of TGF-β1 secreted by TPA-treated cells was in its latent form. However, anti-TGF-β antibodies inhibited TGF-β1 and TPA-induced growth inhibition, calcitonin responsiveness, and TRAcP activity, suggesting that the TPA effect is mediated in part by autocrine TGF-β1 and indicating that the cells can activate and respond to the TGF-β that they secrete. These findings support a potential autocrine role for TGF-β1 in osteoclast differentiation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041600311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper speciation by analytical electron spectroscopies: Case of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Octahedral-Cu(II) and Cu(I) species have been found on the surface of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O by XPS and x-ray-excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XAES). The reduced species appears more abundant in the surface region, as indicated by variable-angle XPS measurements. Reduction or dehydration of the substance preserve its qualitative composition, confirming Cu speciation and showing that water is not Cu-bonded. Vanadium chemistry is in good agreement with results obtained on copper speciation, which consider an intermediate electronic strucure between VO2 and V2O5 for the intercalation phase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190195
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of high mass-to-charge ions by Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mass Spectrometry Reviews 13 (1994), S. 105-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0277-7037
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280130202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of rare earths by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a fundamental parameters method (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Concentrates extracted from a lateritic mineral deposit were analysed for their rare earth (RE) content by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The L emission lines of the lanthanides were excited with the 22.1 keV Ag K radiation from an annular Cd-109 radioisotope source. The problem of the extensive overlap of the L lines were solved by the AXIL program for deconvolution of XRF spectra. Individual REs were quantified by preparing semi-transparent pellets of the concentrate with starch which served as dilutant and binder. This allowed correction for sample absorption with the light matrix program of the QXAS analysis package based on the fundamental parameter method. The method allowed the simultaneous determination of 12 rare earths contained in the sample, with a reproducibility of 2.0-29% and accuracy in the range 1.5-24% relative error without the use of standard materials. Detection limits achieved were in the range of 340 ppm for the heavy REs and 4000 ppm for the light REs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300220508
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