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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 791-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370517
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    J-R curve calculation with the normalization method for toughened polymers (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 128-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of normalization is used to develop the J-R curve fracture toughness characterization for polymeric materials. This method can develop J-R curves directly from load vs. displacement records without a need for an on-line crack monitoring system. It was used previously to develop J-R curves for metallic materials and is applied here for the first time to polymer materials. Single edge notched bend specimens of rubber toughened nylon 6/6 and rubber toughened amorphous nylon are used in this study. The J-R curves from the method of normalization are compared with the results obtained from the multiple specimen method of ASTM Standard E813. The results show that the method of normalization gives reasonable J-R curves; both methods show agreement over the early J-R curve region. In addition the JIc values are determined for each method and compared. Based on this work it is suggested that the method of normalization could be used as a general test method to develop J-R curves for polymeric materials.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of Lewis acid-base mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1851-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The associated perturbed-anisotropic-chain theory (APACT) has been applied to treat multicomponent mixtures, in which components exhibit Lewis acid-base interactions. Mixtures of amphoteric molecules (such as alcohols), acidic molecules (such as chloroform), and basic molecules (such as ketones) as well as nonassociating components (diluents) are treated. The acid-base version of the perturbed-anisotropic-chain theory (ABPACT) is a closed form equation of state that takes into account explicitly dispersion interactions, polar interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions between components that self-associate or solvate. The equation fits binary VLE mixtures quite accurately. Calculated results also are compared with those obtained from the Peng-Robinson equation of state, UNIFAC and the original APACT. In all cases where there are mixtures of associating components, the ABPACT gives a better fit of experimental data than these other equations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction-independence of mixing coefficients in fixed-bed reactors (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1449-1451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360920
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of methane partial oxidation over silica-supported MoO3 and V2O5 (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microkinetic simulations have been carried out to describe the partial oxidation of methane over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia. The objective of this study was to formulate a physically reasonable reaction network to capture the basic aspects of the surface catalytic chemistry and to use this network to link methane oxidation kinetics with the kinetics observed for the oxidation of subsequent gaseous products, i.e., methanol, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide. The most abundant reactive intermediates on the catalyst surface are suggested to be oxygen and hydroxyl groups. This reaction network successfully predicts the catalytic activities, selectivities, activation energies, and reaction orders observed over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia; and the microkinetic model also semiquantitatively explains the kinetic trends for related catalyst systems and is consistent with surface bonding energetics reported in the literature over various oxide catalysts. The microkinetic reaction network properly reduces to the more simple macrokinetic model reported previously for methane partial oxidation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-phase, gas-liquid flows in static mixers (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 308-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ignition and extinction of flames near surfaces: Combustion of CH4 in air (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1005-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ignition and extinction characteristics of homogeneous combustion of methane in air near inert surfaces are studied by numerical bifurcation theory for premixed methane/air gases impinging on planar surfaces with detailed chemistry involving 46 reversible reactions and 16 species. One-parameter bifuraction diagrams as functions of surface temperature and two-parameter bifurcation diagrams as functions of equivalence ratio and strain rate are constructed for both isothermal and adiabatic walls. Lean and rich composition limits for ignition and extinction, and energy production are determined from two parameter bifurcation diagrams. For a strain rate of 500 s-1, CH4/air mixtures exhibit hysteresis from ∼ 0.5% up to ∼ 12.5% and from ∼ 5.5% up to ∼ 13.5% near isothermal surfaces and adiabatic walls, respectively. Ignition temperature rises with composition from 1,700 to 1,950 K, without a maximum around the stoichiometric ratio. Under some conditions multiple ignitions and extinctions can occur with up to five multiple solutions, and wall quenching, kinetic limitations, and transport can strongly affect flame stability. Flames near the stoichiometric ratio cannot be extinguished by room temperature surfaces for sufficiently low strain rates. The role of intermediates in enhancing or retarding ignition and extinction is studied, and implications of the effect of catalytic surfaces on homogeneous ignition and extinction are discussed. Removal of H atoms and CH3 radicals by wall adsorption can increase extinction and ignition temperature of 6% CH4 in air by up to 300 K for a strain rate of 500 s-1.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear analysis in process design (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As steady-state and dynamic simulators with optimal controllers have evolved, tools for nonlinear analysis have been developed by reactor and thermophysical property specialists. Designers lag behind in developing and utilizing these tools, as many design strategies assume idealized behavior even though processes contain an increasing number of nonlinear elements. This article examines the sources of the nonlinear elements, often associated with physical and chemical interactions, in designs and their control systems. Promising methods for nonlinear analysis are reviewed.In each design activity, involving simulation, economic optimization, projections of controllability and operability, emphasis is on the sources of nonlinearities and solution methods. These are examined for the equality constraints and nonlinear programs in phase and chemical equilibria, in reactors and separators, and in the simulation and optimization of flowsheets. Also examined are the impact of non-linear predictive control in screening designs and methods to insure operability, in the face of uncertainties.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein polarization in isotropic membrane hollow-fiber bioreactors (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to predict the coupled hydrodynamics and high-molecular-weight protein transport in mammalian-cell hollow-fiber bioreactors (HFBRs). The analysis applies to reactors with isotropic ultrafiltration membranes under startup conditions when the extracapillary space (ECS) is essentially unobstructed by cells. The model confirms the experimental finding that secondary ECS flows, engendered by the primary flow in the fiber lumens, can cause significant downstream polarization of ECS proteins at typical mammalian-cell HFBR operating conditions. It also reveals that the osmotic activity of the proteins, by curtailing transmembrane fluid fluxes, can influence strongly the outcome of the polarization process. In fact, at order-of-magnitude higher protein concentrations and/or lower recycle flow rates, the secondary flow velocities can be reduced by as much as six orders-of-magnitude throughout the ECS, thereby virtually eliminating the polarization problem. This result has important implications for improved reactor startup procedures.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous electrochemically modulated complexation separations process (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 867-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous electrochemically modulated complexation (EMC) process was devised to extract and concentrate a class of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. This design is composed of flow-through electrolysis cells for redox modulation and cycling of the complexing agent and hollow-fiber membrane modules for phase contacting. The extent of both extraction and concentration was found to depend mainly on the magnitude of the distribution coefficients for both steps. Experimental results and modeling of this continuous EMC process are reported, as well as potential applications for this process for other separations.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390515
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