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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (387)
  • Chemical Engineering  (279)
  • General Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (825)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies to sperm surface fertilization antigen (FA-1): Their specificities and site of interaction with sperm in male genital tract (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 26 (1990), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Sperm antigen ; Testis ; Blood-testis ; barrier ; Antisperm antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fertiization antigen (FA-1) isolated from murine testes demonstrated its dimeric form of 49,000 ± 2,000 molecular weight (M.W.) or a monomer of 23,000 M.W. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The FA-1 was immunogenic in all three female rabbits tested and raised a high-titer antisera [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers; 1:1,024 to 1:4,096]. The rabbit anti-FA-1 antisera predominantly recognized the dimeric form of 49,000 ± 2,000 M.W. on the Western blot of lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized murine testes. None of the antisera reacted with any somatic tissue, indicating germ-cell specificity of FA-1. To determine the cellular localization of the immunoreactive FA-1, a novel ultrasensitive immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) procedure was developed. The anti-FA-1-lgG showed intense staining in the luminal region of the seminiferous tubules containing spermatids and spermatozoa. No reaction was observed in the peripheral area of the tubules containing Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, leptotene, and zygotene spermatocytes. The biodistribution studies of 125I-labeled anti-FA-1 lgG in mice revealed that the antibodies do not bind to somatic tissues such as blood cell, liver, heart, kidney, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissue and do not transudate into testes nad seminal vesicle. However, the antibodies preferentially transudate into epididymis (especially corpus or cauda regions) and vas deferens to bind to sperm cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that FA-1 can induce an immune response that is germ cell-specific, directed against later stages of spermatogenesis. The antibodies to FA-1 interact with sperm after penetration through epididymis (especially corpus and cauda regions) and vas deferens rather than through testes and seminal vesicles.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080260212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified simulation of the filling and postfilling stages in injection molding. Part II: Experimental verification (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 125-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The unified numerical simulation of the filling/postfilling stages of the injection-molding process described in Part I is compared in the present paper with experimental results obtained with instrumented test molds. Flush-mounted pressure traces in the delivery system as well as in the cavity are favorably compared with corresponding predictions for both an amorphous and a semicrystalline polymer. It is demonstrated that the present unified formulation is well suited to handle complicated molds where compressibility effects can become important even during the filling stage, as portions of the cavity fill and undergo a packing behavior even when other regions of the cavity are still only partially filled.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified simulation of the filling and postfilling stages in injection molding. Part I: Formulation (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 116-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study employs a unified theoretical model to simulate the filling and postfilling stages of the injection-molding process. Implementation of such a model is based on a hybrid finite-element/finite-difference numerical solution of the generalized Hele-Shaw flow of a compressible viscous fluid under nonisothermal conditions. The shear viscosity of the polymeric material is represented by a Cross model for the shear-rate dependence and a WLF-type functional form for the temperature and pressure dependence, whereas the specific volume is modeled in terms of a double-domain Tait equation. The analysis also handles variable specific heat and thermal conductivity of the polymer as a function of temperature. Complex thin parts of variable thickness can be modeled and discretized by flat, triangular finite elements which may have arbitrary orientation in three-dimensional space, whereas runners and possible round pins or bosses in the part are represented as one-dimensional circular-tube elements. A control-volume scheme is employed that leads to automatic melt-front advancement during the cavity-filling stage.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancing adhesion by ion beam-induced atomic mixing at the interface between copper film and polyimide substrate (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ion beam mixing was used to improve the adhesion between deposited Cu film (400 Å) and polyimide (PI) substrate. Ar+ ion with the energy levels between 180 and 200 keV, and the dose between 1014 to 4 × 1016 ions/cm2 were used. The surface analyses were carried out by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (SEM). RBS analysis, using 2 MeV He+ ions, showed mixing of Cu and FI and the mixing depended on the Ar+ energy and dose. The X-ray study showed a very broad halo for deposited Cu film but the (111) peak appeared after the Ar+ implantation and the peak increased with Ar+ ion dose. Optical micrographs showed that Cu film formed circular bubbles after many thermal cycles when adhesion was poor and fracture cracks when adhesion was good.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving adhesion between thin chromium film and polyimide substrate by Ar+ irradiation (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 558-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ar+ irradiation and annealing at an elevated temperature are used to improve the adhesion of deposited Cr thin films by vacuum evaporation onto polyimide (PI) substrates. The Ar+ ions of 50 and 200 keV and various Ar+ doses ranging from 1 × 1013 to 2 × 1016 ions/cm2 are chosen for the experiments, after many preliminary trials. The surface analyses are conducted employing Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ar+ irradiation produces an interfacial layer of about 100 Å (10 nm) thick in which Cr particles and PI molecules are physically mixed and chemically bonded. The chemical bonds of Cr—O and a trace of Cr≡C are observed by XPS and FTIR. Impact-wear tests are also conducted in order to determine the effects of the Ar+ irradiation on the wear property of a Cr/PI system. A significant increase in the property is observed and the increase appears to be a function of the degree of adhesion of the Cr film to the PI substrate.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entrance effects for power-law fluid (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Entrance pressure losses for the creeping flow of a power-law fluid are calculated for an abrupt contraction of ratio 2, 4, 8 and ∞ for both the axisymmetric and planar cases using P2P1 and P+2P1 finite elements. Contrary to some earlier findings in the literature, the entrance pressure loss obtained by using the two different types of finite elements, both of which satisfy the Babus̆ka-Brezzi condition, are found to converge to the same results. The present results also confirm that the variational method of Duda and Vrentas gives excellent upper bounds for both the axisymmetric and planar cases with infinite contraction ratio.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular organization of the head and respiratory organs of the air-breathing catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 203 (1990), S. 165-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and scanning electron microscopy of vascular replicas from the facultative air-breathing fish Heteropneustes fossilis show modifications in the macrocirculation of the respiratory organs and systemic circulation, whereas, gill microcirculation is similar to that found in typical water-breathing fish. Three and sometimes four ventral aortae arise directly from the bulbus. The most ventral vessel supplies the first pair of arches. Dorsal to this another aorta supplies the second gill arches, and a third, dorsal to, and larger than the other two, supplies the third and fourth arches and the air sacs. Occasionally a small vessel that may be the remnant of a primitive aortic arch arises from the first ventral aorta and proceeds directly to the mandibular region without perfusing gill tissue. The air sac is perfused by a large-diameter extension of the afferent branchial artery of the fourth gill arch and its circulation is in parallel with the gill arches. Blood drains from the air sac into the fourth arch epibranchial artery. A number of arteries also provide direct communication between the efferent air sac artery and the dorsal aorta. All four gill arches are well developed and contain respiratory (lamellar) and nonrespiratory (interlamellar and nutrient) networks common to gills of water-breathing fish. Air sac lamellae are reduced in size. The outer 30% of the air sac lamellar sinusoids are organized into thoroughfare channels; the remaining vasculature, normally embedded in the air sac parenchyma, is discontinuous. A gill-type interlamellar vasculature is lacking in the air sac circulation. Despite the elaborate development of the ventral aortae, there is little other anatomical evidence to suggest that gill and air sac outflow are separated and that dorsal aortic oxygen tensions are maintained when the gills are in a hypoxic environment. Physiological adjustments to hypoxic water conditions probably include temporal regulation of gill and air sac perfusion to be effective, if indeed they are so.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052030205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The V-notch at weld lines in polystyrene injection moldings (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 931-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A major factor that weakens the weld line in injection moldings is the V-notch structure. Though the existence of a V-notch is well known, its depth variation with molding conditions has not been detailed. The aim of this paper is to clarify the V-notch structure and its effect on the strength of general purpose polystyrene injection moldings. A dog bone type tensile specimen with a weld line was molded under several molding conditions. The surface of the weld line was partially eliminated by cutting with a milling machine to seven levels of cut depth (Dc). As a result, the weld strength increased with Dc to about 50%. The relationship between the weld strength and Dc made it possible to determine the V-notch depth, which vas defined as the “depth of the weld line.” From these results, a hypothesis is proposed that the V-notch has a structure with a fine groove on the surface and a poorly bonded inner layer. This study considered the relationships among the weld strength, the depth of the weld line, and molding conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of ovarian foilicular kinetics, oviduct, fat body, and liver mass cycles in laboratory-maintained Rana cyanophlyctis in comparison with wild-caught frogs (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 214 (1992), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ovarian follicular dynamics and fluctuations in fat body, oviducal, and liver masses were studied in captive Rana cyanophlyctis in comparison with wild-caught frogs, sampled at monthly intervals over a period of 12 months. In both the captive and wil-dcaught frogs first growth phase (FGP) and second growth phase (SGP) or vitellogenic oocytes were produced throughout the period examined; however, changes in ovarian and oviducal weights were less marked in the former group.In the captive frogs SGP oocyte production was reduced by 50%, and, maximum ovarian weight and SGP oocyte number were attained 2-3 months earlier than in wild-caught controls. The FGP oocyte pool in laboratory-maintained frogs, however was comparable with that of the corresponding wild-caught frogs. Captivity caused a threefold increase in atresia and reduced the number of oocytes reaching SGP. The depletion of fat stores in fat bodies during the later phases of captivity suggests that the deposition of lipids into oocytes (for SGP) was given priority over storage in the fat bodies.The low oviducal weights of captive frogs was correlated with a reduced number of SGP oocytes, which are the source of estrogen. On the other hand, liver weight remained high, indicating adequate hepatic vitellogenin synthesis. Possible reduction in its output was not detected, possibly due to the reduced number of follicles reaching SGP. The findings indicate that stress of captivity decreases gonadotrophins and estrogen levels. Oviducal growth is reduced in captive frogs. It is hypothesized that in the frog oviducts respond to estrogen in a threshold-dependent manner, whereas the liver responds to it in relation to the length of exposure. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052140202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasculature of the head and respiratory organs in an obligate air-breathing fish, the swamp eel Monopterus (=Amphipnous) cuchia (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 203 (1990), S. 181-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate vascular corrosion replicas were used to examine the macrocirculation in the head region and the microcirculation of respiratory vessels in the air-breathing swamp eel Monopterus cuchia. Fixed respiratory tissue was also examined by SEM to verify capillary orientation. The respiratory and systemic circulations are only partially separated, presumably resulting in supply of mixed oxygenated and venous blood to the tissues. A long ventral aorta gives rise directly to the coronary and hypobranchial arteries. Two large shunt vessels connect the ventral aorta to the dorsal aorta, whereas the remaining ventral aortic flow goes to the respiratory islets and gills. Only two pairs of vestigial gill arches remain, equivalent to the second and third arches, yet five pairs of aortic arches were identified. Most aortic arches supply the respiratory islets. Respiratory islet capillaries are tightly coiled spirals with only a fraction of their total length in contact with the respiratory epithelium. Valve-like endothelial cells delimit the capillary spirals and are unlike endothelial cells in other vertebrates. The gills are highly modified in that the lamellae are reduced to a single-channel capillary with a characteristic three-dimensional zig-zag pathway. There are no arterio-arterial lamellar shunts, although the afferent branchial artery supplying the gill arches also supplies respiratory islets distally. A modified interlamellar filamental vasculature is present in gill tissue but absent or greatly reduced in the respiratory islets. The macro- and micro-circulatory systems of M. cuchia have been considerably modified presumably to accommodate aerial respiration. Some of these modifications involve retention of primitive vessel types, whereas others, especially in the microcirculation, incorporate new architectural designs some of whose functions are not readily apparent.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052030206
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