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  • Springer  (32)
  • 1990-1994  (32)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Leiothrix lutea ; Photopigments ; Oil droplets ; Spectral sensitivity ; UV-cone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The visual receptors in the retina of the passeriform bird Leiothrix lutea were examined microspectro-photometrically. The rods had a maximum absorbance close to 500 nm. Four spectrally different classes of single cone were identified with typical combinations of photopigments and oil droplets: a long-wave sensitive cone with a photopigment P568 and a droplet with a cut-off wavelength at 564 nm, a middle-wave sensitive cone with a P499 and a droplet with a cut-off at 506 nm, a short-wave sensitive cone with a P454 and a droplet with maximum absorbance below 410nm and an ultraviolet sensitive cone with a P355 and a transparent droplet. Double cones possessed a P568 in both the principal and accessory members. A pale droplet with variable absorbance (maximal at about 420 nm) was associated with the principal member whereas the ellipsoid region of the accessory member contained only low concentrations of carotenoid. The effective spectral sensitivities of the different cone classes were calculated from the characteristic combinations of oil droplets and photopigments and corrected for the absorbance of the ocular media. Comparison of these results with the behavioural spectral sensitivity function of Leiothrix lutea suggests that the increment threshold photopic spectral sensitivity of this avian species is mediated by the 4 single cone classes modified by neural opponent mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 709-714 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Spectral sensitivity ; UV ; Passeriform bird ; Photopic ; Mesopic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spectral sensitivity functions of a passeriform bird, the Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea (Timalidae) were determined in a behavioural test under different background illuminations. 1. With photopic illumination the spectral sensitivity of Leiothrix lutea covered the measured range from 320 nm to 680 nm. Four peaks of spectral sensitivity were found: a UV (370 nm), a blue (460 nm), a green (530 nm) and a red (620 nm) sensitivity peak. The spectral sensitivity was highest in the UV and decreased (over the blue and the green peak) towards the red sensitivity peak. The 4 peaks of spectral sensitivity point to 4 underlying cone mechanisms under photopic illumination and thus to a probably tetrachromatic colour vision of Leiothrix lutea. 2. With mesopic illumination the bird's spectral sensitivity covered the measured range from 320 nm to 680 nm. Neural interactions between cone and rod sensitivities are likely to determine this function. The increased overall sensitivity and a dominant sensitivity peak at 500 nm point to a typical rhodopsin as the likely rod photopigment. 3. Different aspects of the biological significance of the high UV sensitivity are discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 476-478 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 343 (1992), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Analyses of human hair are routinely performed by a number of organisations to monitor the level of exposure of a population to toxic elements, e.g. heavy metals. To control the quality of such determinations, the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has produced a reference material (CRM 397) certified for its contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn. This material was collected in a moderately contaminated area, carefully prepared and its homogeneity and long term stability were verified. This paper presents the certification work performed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fly ash extract was prepared and studied for the homogeneity and the stability (CRM 429) with respect to five polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (D48, D54, D66, D67 and D70) and six polychlorodibenzofurans (F83, F94, F114, F121, F124 and F130). The certification exercise is described; the analytical techniques used for the certification and the quality control guidelines that were followed are also given. The difficulties encountered in the determination of F118 are discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 345 (1993), S. 564-566 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Certification of the content of endogenous organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs) in pork fat is described and the certified values are presented. The OCPs include hexachlorobenzene (HCB), α-, β- and γ-HCH, β-heptachlor epoxide (β-hepo), dieldrin, endrin, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-TDE and p,p'-DDE. In a previous paper [1] the preparation of pork fat as a candidate reference material has been described as well as the investigation of its homogeneity and stability. This material, when certified, may serve for the verification of the results of determinations of the above organochlorine pesticides. This paper deals with the certification of these OCPs in pork fat.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 599-603 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has undertaken the production of a wide range of certified reference materials (CRMs) for the improvement of accuracy and measurement harmony in various areas of concern at European Community level. This paper provides an overview of the sectors of the BCR-programme in the field of environment i.e. for water systems (water, sediment, biota), soil analysis (soil, fertiliser, waste), plant analysis (aquatic and terrestrial plants), analysis related to animals (e.g. muscle or liver) or man (e.g. industry and food).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 344 (1992), S. 297-300 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A pork fat sample was prepared and tested as candidate reference material for 10 organochlorine pesticides and metabolites (OCPs): hexachlorobenzene, α-, β- and γ-HCH, β-heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-TDE and p,p'-DDE. Preparation and testing for homogeneity and stability of the OCPs in the pork fat are discussed. The coefficient of variation of pesticide determinations carried out to test the between-ampoule homogeneity ranged from 2.4–5.8% and was found to be very similar to that for the analytical method (2.5–4.9%). This means that the homogeneity is very good. Stability data over 12 months do not show any trends that suggest lack of stability.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Six chlorinated biphenyls — CB IUPAC nos 28, 52, 101, 118, 153 and 180 — have been certified in a dried sewage sludge of a mainly residential area. After a thorough preparation the material has been studied for the “within-” and “between bottle” homogeneity as well as for its long term stability. The certification of the CBs in the dried sludge has been performed with 18 well trained laboratories, applying different methods of extraction, clean-up and chromatographic separation. ECD has been used as final detection and MS to verify the peak identities. All methods for the homogeneity and stability studies as well as those used for the certification campaign are described. CB 138 could not be certified as it co-eluted with CB 183. The major precautions followed by the participants to ensure traceability of the results to the basic units are also discussed. They highlight the level of quality control requested from certifying laboratories. The certified values were obtained after a technical discussion of the methods followed and of each of the individual results. They are given together with the indicative value for CB 138+CB 163.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 348 (1994), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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