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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of diperchlorato[(2SR,5RS,8RS,11SR)-2,5,8,11-tetraazadodecane]nickel(II) (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 2035-2037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270191003505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design and performance test of the visualization within a capillary pumped loop (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 883-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Diffusion and ionic conduction in liquids ; Studies of specific liquid structures ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) is a thermal management device for advanced spacecrafts. This paper presents the operating principles of a CPL and the design characteristics of the components. Another purpose of this experiment was to build up a transparent loop in order to better determine and observe the internal thermofluid dynamics. The results indicated that the CPL could be in normal operation under various heat modes. Observation also told Non-Condensed Gas (NCG) was moving and collecting to somewhere between the condenser section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456739
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product-selective electroreduction of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid to 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzaldehyde in a flow cell system (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 1082-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzoic acid was found to be reduced product-selectively to either 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzaldehyde at a lead cathode in dilute sulphuric acid containing small amounts of a quaternary ammonium salt. A preliminary optimization of electrolytic conditions for production of either 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzal dehyde was systematically performed using a laboratory-scale flow-cell system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029589
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactic acid production from enzyme-thinned corn starch usingLactobacillus amylovorus (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bacterium ; Fermentation ; Nutrition ; Optimization ; Liquefaction ; High-substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An alternative process for industrial lactic acid production was deveooped using a starch degrading lactic acid producing organism,Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4542. In this process, saccharification takes place during the fermentation, eliminating the need for complete hydrolysis of the starch to glucose prior to fermentation. The cost savings of this alternative are substantial since it eliminates the energy input, separate reactor tank, time, and enzyme associated with the typical pre-fermentation saccharification step. The only pre-treatment was gelatinization and enzyme-thinning of the starch to overcome viscosity problems associated with high starch concentrations and to make the starch more rapidly degradable. This fermentation process was optimized for temperature, substrate level, nitrogen source and level, mineral level, B-vitamins, volatile fatty acids, pH, and buffer source. The rate of the reaction and the final level of lactic acid obtained in the optimized liquefied starch process was similar to that obtained withL. delbrueckii B-445 using glucose as the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation and quenching of singlet molecular oxygen by aggregated bacteriochlorophyll d in model systems and chlorosomes (1994)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 40 (1994), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: bacteriochlorophyll d ; bacteriochlorophyll d dimers and oligomers ; chlorosomes ; green photosynthetic bacteria ; singlet oxygen generation and quenching ; bacteriochlorophyll d triplet state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both photogeneration and quenching of singlet oxygen by monomeric and aggregated (dimeric and oligomeric) molecules of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) d have been studied in solution and in chlorosomes isolated from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. The yield of singlet-oxygen photogeneration by pigment dimers was about 6 times less than for monomers. Singlet oxygen formation was not observed in oligomer-containing solutions or in chlorosomes. To estimate the efficiency of singlet oxygen quenching an effective rate constant for 1O2 quenching by BChl molecules (kq M) was determined using the Stern-Volmer equation and the total concentration of BChl d in the samples. In solutions containing only monomeric BChl, the kq M values coincide with the real values for 1O2 quenching rate constants by BChl molecules. Aggregation weakly influenced the kq M values in pigment solutions. In chlorosomes (which contain both BChl and carotenoids) the kq M value was less than in solutions of BChl alone and much less than in acetone extracts from chlorosomes. Thus 1O2 quenching by BChl and carotenoids is much less efficient in chlorosomes than in solution and is likely caused primarily by BChl molecules which are close to the surface of the large chlorosome particles. The data allow a general conclusion that monomeric and dimeric chlorophyll molecules are the most likely sources of 1O2 formation in photosynthetic systems and excitation energy trapping by the long wavelength aggregates as well as 1O2 physical quenching by monomeric and aggregated chlorophyll can be considered as parts of the protective system against singlet oxygen formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019336
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional optical microscopy of water trees in polyethylene (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 6151-6160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyethylene is used as high-voltage electrical insulation in cable, and fails when subjected to the combination of water environment and electrical field. The three-dimensional microstructure of water trees, which are precursors to dielectric breakdown, has been revealed with laser scanning confocal optical microscopy. Two-dimensional images which represented optical serial sections were recorded in digital form, and reconstructed in a computer to produce three-dimensional views of the microstructure. Both stereo pairs and computed tomographic reconstructions were made. The material was stained with a fluorescent dye and the fluorescent image was compared to the standard unstained image. The dye was found to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the quality of the image significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113898
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined free and forced convection in a porous medium between two vertical walls with viscous dissipation (1990)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 5 (1990), S. 381-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Flow in packed channel ; Darcian combined free and forced convection ; fully-developed flow ; multiple solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Viscous dissipation effects in the problem of a fully-developed combined free and forced convection flow between two symmetrically and asymmetrically heated vertical parallel walls filled with a porous medium is analyzed. The equation of motion contains the modified Rayleigh number for a porous medium and the small-order viscous dissipation parameter. Particular attention is given to the solutions near the critical Rayleigh numbers at which infinite flow rates are predicted. Information concerning the multiplicity of solutions at critical Rayleigh numbers is also deduced from perturbation solutions of the governing equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141992
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a class of constrained functional minimization problems and their numerical solution (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 78 (1993), S. 267-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Functional minimization ; variational principles ; data fitting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate a class of functional minimization problems with constraints. By means of variational principles, optimal control theory, and numerical methods for nonlinear equations, numerical methods and the corresponding computer software are established to solve the problems. These tools can be used in fitting curves with arbitrary smoothness, different boundary conditions, and constraints. For special boundary conditions, analytical expressions of the curves are derived. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms by the means of curve fitting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation dependence in collision induced electronic relaxation studied through van der Waals complexes with isomeric structures (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (1994), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 34.30 ; 34.20.G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Weakly bound molecular complexes with more than one well-defined structures provide us with an unique opportunity to investigate dynamic processes induced by intermolecular interactions with specific orientations. The relative orientation of the two interacting molecules or atoms is defined by the complex structure. The effect of the orientation in the spin changing collisions glyoxal(S1)+Ar → glyoxal(T1)+Ar and acetylene (S1)+Ar → acetylene(T)+Ar have been studied by measuring the intersystem crossing (ISC) rates of the glyoxal(S1)·Ar and acetylene(S1)·Ar complexes with different isomeric structures. Results show that there is a strong orientation dependence in the ISC of glyoxal(S1) induced by interaction with the Ar atom: the Ar atom positioned in the molecular plane is much more effective than in the out-of-plane position in inducing the S1 → T1 transition of glyoxal. On the other hand, studies of acetylene(S1)·Ar complexes indicate that the Ar-induced ISC rates are nearly identical for the in-plane and out-of-plane positions. Orientation dependence in the collision induced vibrational relaxation process C2H2(S1,v i )+Ar → C2H2(S1,v f 〈v i )+Ar is also studied by measuring the vibrational predissociation rates of the acetylene(S1)·Ar complex isomers. The results indicate that collisions of C2H2(S1,v 3=3, 4) with Ar at two orthogonal orientations are equally effective in causing vibrational relaxation of C2H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426585
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S13.6 Corticosteroid inhibition of the synthesis and release of ferret tracheal glycoconjugates (1993)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 10 (1993), S. 305-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210068
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