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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A combined plasma-surface model for the deposition of C:H films from a methane plasma (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7718-7727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The deposition of C:H layers by an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma from methane was investigated. C:H was deposited at a methane pressure of 1.6 Pa and a substrate temperature between room temperature and 700 K. The film composition, morphology, and structure were investigated by high-energy ion beam analysis and scanning electron microscopy. A combined plasma-surface model for thin-film deposition is proposed, which includes the electron-induced dissociation of methane in the plasma and a growth model. The dominant reactions for film growth are the adsorption of the radical CH3, the direct incorporation of the ions, and the etching reactions with atomic hydrogen from the plasma. A consistent description for the deposition of hydrocarbon layers emerges. It compares favorably with measurements on the temperature dependence of the film growth and the influence of variable gas flow through the reactor on the growth rate and the film morphology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356603
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat transfer between two metallic surfaces at small distances (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7209-7216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In scanning thermal microscopy, but also in scanning tunneling microscopy, the thermal contact between tip and sample plays an important role. The heat transfer across the vacuum gap between two parallel metallic surfaces, if the gap width is decreased below several microns, has been investigated. At these distances propagating electromagnetic modes die out but simultaneously a transfer of nonpropagating surface modes across the gap becomes more probable. The heat conductance of the vacuum gap should become distance dependent and larger than that given by the Stefan–Boltzmann law; however, the experimental results and theoretical considerations indicate that the heat transfer, based on the discussed proximity mechanism, is very small, smaller than predicted by the theory of Polder and Van Hove [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3303 (1971)]. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358001
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isotopic exchange in hard amorphous carbonized layers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Hard amorphous films of a-C:H and a-C:D were deposited by a rf glow discharge in either CH4 or CD4 . By ion bombardment with protons and deuterons, the H/D exchange process was studied as function of the bombardment fluence by means of depth profile measurements. The local hydrogen and deuterium contents are not adding up to a constant "saturation'' value: the local mixing model is not valid. Instead of that an initial depletion appears, which depends on the incident energy of the ions. At higher fluences, the total (H+D):C ratio tends to increase again, due to an increasing influence of the deposition process. This demonstrates a structural difference between a-C:H films and hydrogen-saturated layers of implanted carbon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345296
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CLULU: An experimental setup for luminescence measurements on van der Waals clusters with synchrotron radiation (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2838-2849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We describe a new experimental setup for photoluminescence spectroscopy on van der Waals clusters. It consists of a molecular beam apparatus with a cluster beam installed behind a high intensity vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation beamline. Special emphasis was given to the design of a very intense cluster source which can also be used for the preparation of quantum clusters (He,H2). For the determination of the cluster size a time-of-flight mass spectrometer can be attached to the setup. In addition, an atomic cross jet is installed in the experimental chamber which can be used for mass separation or for doping of the clusters. The luminescence light can be recorded with several different detectors or spectrally analyzed with a secondary monochromator which is equipped with a position sensitive detector. The pulsed nature of synchrotron radiation provides the basis for time-resolved measurements in the regime 100 ps–3 μs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144371
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the minority carrier diffusion length and edge surface-recombination velocity in GaAs p/n solar cells (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2919-2922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The hole minority carrier diffusion length (Lp) and the edge surface-recombination velocity (Vs) were measured as a function of distance (x) from the p-n junction in GaAs p/n concentrator solar cells. The measured Vs values were used in a theoretical expression for the normalized electron beam-induced current. A fit of the experimental data was used to determine Lp. Lp measured in irradiated cells showed a marked reduction as compared to the unirradiated cells. Our results were compared to results obtained in previous studies that did not account for Vs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351494
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical x-ray Bragg reflection widths and reflectivities of II-VI semiconductors (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5108-5116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: X-ray Bragg reflection widths and reflectivities are calculated by the dynamical scattering theory. Results on the binary II-VI semiconductors CdTe, HgTe, and the ternary alloys CdHgTe and CdZnTe are reported. For comparison, results on several III-V compounds are also reported. The dependence of the reflection widths and reflectivities on alloy composition, wavelength, layer thickness, and material properties are discussed. Especially in alloys, interesting effects, such as drastic changes of the reflectivity depending on the alloy composition, appear. The behavior of the widths and reflectivities can be understood by the examination of the competing processes of absorption and extinction. The results from calculated intrinsic reflex profiles are compared with approximation formulas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352040
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of the ion energy on the growth and structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1354-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Noncrystalline hydrocarbon films were deposited from methane plasmas in an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma reactor. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and high-energy ion-beam analysis. Film properties were investigated as a function of the energy of ions impinging on the surface of the growing film. The ion energy was varied by applying a dc bias to the sample in the range from 30 to 200 eV. The ion energy was measured with a retarding field analyzer under identical experimental conditions. An abrupt change was found in the sp3/sp2 ratio in the energy interval from 80 to 120 eV. Other film properties such as the refractive index, density, and hydrogen-to-carbon ratio exhibit a more or less monotonic dependence on the ion energy. The results are compared with published data on hydrocarbon films. An analytical model was developed to describe the energy dependence of the hydrogen fraction in the films. It is based on the assumption that displacement of hydrogen atoms is the dominating mechanism that controls the hydrogen fraction in hydrocarbon films. The results are also discussed on the basis of the fully constrained network model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354892
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-temperature dynamic depth profile measurements of implanted deuterium in nickel: Precipitation of nickel deuteride (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3169-3177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Measurements of the retention of deuterium in polycrystalline nickel were obtained at 193 and 223 K through elastic-recoil detection using a 2.6-MeV 4He beam. The depth profiles so obtained show striking differences with their counterparts measured at higher temperatures. Although the profiles are homogeneous at implanted fluences lower than 3×1018 D+ cm−2, they present a large peak centered slightly deeper than the implantation range at higher fluences. Additional features develop as one further implants. The large peak is associated with the buildup of nickel deuteride. A one-dimensional computer model is developed which partly reproduces the features of the measured depth profiles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346391
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Helium implantation effects in hard hydrogenated carbon layers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2068-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Hard amorphous films of a-C:D were deposited by a rf glow discharge in CD4. The implantation of 40-keV 3He+ ions in these films was studied as a function of the helium fluence at temperatures between 100 K and room temperature. The trapped amounts of helium and the deuterium losses in the layer were measured in situ using nuclear reaction analysis with 0.5-MeV D+ and 1-MeV 3He+ beams, respectively, and subsequent ex-situ elastic-recoil detection analysis. A transient helium retention appears in the carbonized layers, occurring only at temperatures below 200 K. Above a critical fluence which depends on temperature and ion flux, outdiffusion of He is observed which is ascribed to the formation of diffusion channels by radiation damage. The deuterium depletion induced by helium bombardment below 200 K sets on in correlation with the helium outdiffusion, but is otherwise independent of the helium trapping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346559
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Source for excited states of alkali atoms and clusters using diffusion through a thin graphite foil (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1966-1968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A molecular beam source used for the production of excited and ionized clusters of Cs and other materials is described. This source is closed, with the emitting graphite foil as an integral part of the source enclosure. The foil is kept at 1100–1500 K by radiation heating. From the foil, excited clusters (Cs)*n with broad distributions of n, and excited Rydberg atoms Cs* are emitted. These highly excited states can be field ionized at field strengths of less than 400 V/cm. At a Cs reservoir temperature of 400 K, total field ionized flux densities up to 1015 ions cm−2 s−1 (3×10−4 A cm−2) are found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143312
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