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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (216)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 1990-1994  (216)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 9167-9179 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A microscopic model is presented for anharmonic vibrations of ethylidyne, 3/4 CCH3, chemisorbed on the Pt(111) surface. The model includes 24 vibrational modes of the adsorbate and of the solid. A quantum-mechanical calculation based on second-order perturbation theory is used to interpret experimental data on vibrations of 3/4 CCH3/Pt(111) and 3/4 CCD3/Pt(111). The measured temperature dependence of the CC infrared fundamental and of the umbrella mode fundamental can be accounted for by anharmonic coupling between the CC stretch and the three PtPt stretch coordinates at the base of the adsorbate. Line shapes calculated using classical molecular dynamics disagree significantly with quantum-mechanical results, the apparent reason being overestimation of vibrational energy transfer in the classical calculation. A semiclassical approximation is suggested, in which all the high frequency adsorbate modes except the infrared absorbing mode are frozen; the remaining modes are treated by classical mechanics. The semiclassical calculation agrees much better with the quantum-mechanical results, and can be extended to higher dimension in a straightforward fashion.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2166-2177 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser selective excitation and optical absorption of deuterated SrF2:0.05% Er3+ crystals have revealed eight Er3+ ion centers involving D− ion charge compensation, nine new Er3+–F− centers not associated with D− ions and several approximately cubic symmetry Er3+ centers. In contrast to the trigonal symmetry of the principal F− center, the dominant arrangements in the D− ion charge compensation case are derived from a tetragonal symmetry center. Detailed spectroscopic results for the new centers are presented. Fluorescence polarization ratios are listed for three centers ( J, B, and G1) present in either SrF2:Er3+ or CaF2:Er3+ and crystal-field analyses of these, based on assumed trigonal symmetry, are also reported.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 1692-1697 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: XeF doped solid Kr represents a novel solid state exciplex laser. A net gain in excess of 100 cm−1 and a superradiant beam of 5 mrad divergence are observed over the XeF(D→X) transition at 301 nm, when free standing crystals of XeF doped Kr are optically pumped near the XeF(D←X) absorption maximum at 260 nm. Superlinear dependence of gain on pump intensity and low divergence of the amplified beam are taken as evidence for self-focusing. The XeF(D) state is effectively isolated from the lower manifold of charge transfer states in solid Kr, which includes XeF(B,C) and (KrXe)+F−.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 7939-7952 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure and thermodynamic properties of a model of associating particles that dimerize into fused-sphere dumbbells are investigated by MC simulation and by integral-equation theory. The model particles, introduced by Cummings and Stell, associate as a result of shielded attractive shells. The integral equation theories are of two types. The first is an extension of Wertheim's associative Percus–Yevick (APY) equation to the case of the shielded sticky shell model, which is the limiting case of the shielded attractive shell model that can be handled analytically. The second is the extended mean spherical approximation (EMSA) of Zhou and Stell applied to the shielded sticky shell model. In the case of partially associated systems, the EMSA requires as input the equilibrium association constant, which is obtained here using an exact relation between monomer density and a cavity correlation function, together with an equation of state due to Boublik. The structure obtained from the EMSA is in good agreement with the predictions of the MC simulation over a substantial density range that includes liquid-state densities, while the thermodynamic input from Boublik's equation is in excellent agreement with the simulation results for all densities. Predictions of the APY approximation are also in good agreement with the simulation results as long as the density of the system is relatively low or, at high density, when the hard-core volume of a dimer is not substantially less than that of the two free monomers from which it is formed. There is an intermediate density range in which neither integral-equation theory gives correlation functions of high quantitative accuracy.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 1820-1831 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature dependent emission spectra of spin excited iodine in crystalline Xe and Kr are presented and analyzed in terms of nonadditive anisotropic pair interactions. In the octahedral trap site, the atomic 2P states split into E1/2 and G3/2 groups of the double valued representation. The fourfold degenerate G3/2 state is subject to strong Jahn–Teller instability and further splits by coupling to phonons into E1/2 and E3/2 Kramers pairs. Accordingly, the observed emission spectra are composed of two bands: 2E1/2→1E1/2 and 2E1/2→E3/2 transitions. Two pairs of bands are observed each in Xe and Kr. The long-lived pairs (at 15 K, τ=250 μs and 930 μs in Xe and Kr, respectively) are assigned to the isolated atom, while a short lived pair of bands (at 15 K, τ〈1 μs in Xe, and τ=2.2 μs in Kr) are assigned to I atoms trapped as nearest neighbor to a localized charge, identified as (HRg)+. The isolated atom spectra are simulated by Monte Carlo methods which assume classical statistics in the heavy atom coordinates, and adiabatic following of the electronic coordinate. Angle dependent, gas phase pair interactions are used as a starting point. Minor modifications to the pair interactions, and a temperature dependent spin–orbit splitting constant, adequately reproduce the experimental spectra. Many-body contributions to the effective pair potentials can be estimated to change pair parameters by less than ∼3%.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1533-1548 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hydrodynamic equations governing the evolution of the interface of a gas/liquid "bubble'' as it moves through the space between two plates are solved using a finite difference algorithm defined on a moving deforming surface grid. Particular attention is paid to the redistribution of surfactant as the bubble deforms on squeezing through a constriction. The surfactant redistribution, the surface tangential flows, and the surface normal velocity depend on factors such as bulk viscosity, the bulk/surface surfactant exchange rate, the surface tension dependence on surfactant concentration, and the bulk velocity pattern. Zones of surfactant depletion just behind the bubble front and an accumulation near the bubble front are observed; there are also depletion and accumulation zones associated with the constriction. A variety of other effects are investigated and a detailed analysis permits the generation of schematic representations of the interplay of the coupled bulk and surface hydrodynamic equations for the system.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5890-5892 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By means of x-ray phase analysis, it is shown that all the interstitial Sm2(Fe1−xAlx)17Ny nitrides and the parent compounds crystallize in Th2Zn17-type structure for x≤0.4. The lattice constants of the parent compounds increase linearly with Al concentration. The introduction of nitrogen leads to a further increase in lattice constants, but the amplitude of the increase decreases with increasing Al concentration. The introduction of nitrogen leads to an increase of Curie temperature Tc . The composition dependence of Tc of the parent compounds exhibits a maximum, whereas Tc of the nitride decreases monotonously with increasing Al concentration from 750 K for x=0 to 313 K for x=0.4. The mean magnetic moments of iron ions in both nitrides and parents decrease monotonously with increasing Al concentration.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 1290-1296 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Comparisons between experimentally measured time-dependent electron energy distribution functions and optical emission intensities are reported for low-frequency (100 and 400 kHz) radio-frequency driven discharges in argon. The electron energy distribution functions were measured with a time-resolved Langmuir probe system. Time-resolved optical emissions of argon resonance lines at 687.1 and 750.4 nm were determined by photon-counting methods. Known ground-state and metastable-state excitation cross sections were used along with the measured electron energy distribution functions to calculate the time dependence of the optical emission intensity. It was found that a calculation using only the ground-state cross sections gave the best agreement with the time dependence of the measured optical emission. Time-dependent electron density, electron temperature, and plasma potential measurements are also reported.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6877-6882 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Over the last five years, the large resonant enhancements of the magnetic x-ray scattering amplitudes at the MIV and MV absorption edges of actinide materials (U, Np) have been exploited in a series of magnetic diffraction investigations at the National Synchrotron Light Source. This work is reviewed with a discussion of measurements on a series of antiferromagnetic materials with contrasting magnetic properties, UAs, USb, U0.85Th0.15Sb, UO2, URu2Si2, and NpAs.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectra of a-Si1−xCx:H deposited in a glow discharge of a silane/methane mixture have been measured. Comparison with elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry shows that the mean number of hydrogen atoms attached to silicon per silicon atom ([HSi]/[Si]) increases with higher carbon content and that more Si—H2 bonding configurations are formed. Hydrogen is preferentially bonded in (Si—H2)n clusters, which partly explains the observed apparent shift of the Si—H stretching mode to higher energy. The remaining contribution to this shift is believed to result from Si—H on surfaces of voids instead of an inductive effect. From composition measurements we observe that for each carbon atom, three hydrogen atoms are incorporated in the material, suggesting that during deposition carbon is initially incorporated in CH3 groups. However, the mean number of C—H bonds per carbon atom decreases from about 2.2±0.4 to 1.4±0.3 with increasing carbon content, indicating that the majority of the carbon atoms is two- or threefold coordinated to silicon.
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