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  • 1
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    Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF; interleukin-10), a product of mouse TH2 T cell clones that inhibits synthesis of cytokines by mouse TH1 T cell clones, exhibits extensive sequence similarity to an uncharacterized open reading frame in the Epstein-Barr virus BCRF1. Recombinant BCRF1 protein mimics the activity of interleukin-10, suggesting that BCRF1 may have a role in the interaction of the virus with the host's immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, D H -- de Waal Malefyt, R -- Fiorentino, D F -- Dang, M N -- Vieira, P -- de Vries, J -- Spits, H -- Mosmann, T R -- Moore, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):830-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins/*biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Mice ; Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Mapping the lectin-like activity of tumor necrosis factor (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-11
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but not lymphotoxin (LT), is directly trypanolytic for salivarian trypanosomes. This activity was not blocked by soluble 55-kilodalton and 75-kilodalton TNF receptors, but was potently inhibited by N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, an oligosaccharide that binds TNF. Comparative sequence analysis of TNF and LT localized the trypanocidal region, and synthetic peptides were trypanolytic. TNF molecules in which the trypanocidal region was mutated or deleted retained tumoricidal activity. Thus, trypanosome-TNF interactions occur via a TNF domain, probably with lectin-like affinity, which is functionally and spatially distinct from the mammalian TNF receptor binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lucas, R -- Magez, S -- De Leys, R -- Fransen, L -- Scheerlinck, J P -- Rampelberg, M -- Sablon, E -- De Baetselier, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 11;263(5148):814-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, University of Brussels, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Disaccharides ; Glucans/metabolism/pharmacology ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Lectins/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/pharmacology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Identification of a mutation in porcine ryanodine receptor associated with malignant hyperthermia (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-26
    Description: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) causes neurological, liver, and kidney damage and death in humans and major economic losses in the swine industry. A single point mutation in the porcine gene for the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (ryr1) was found to be correlated with MH in five major breeds of lean, heavily muscled swine. Haplotyping suggests that the mutation in all five breeds has a common origin. Assuming that this is the causal mutation for MH, the development of a noninvasive diagnostic test will provide the basis for elimination of the MH gene or its controlled inclusion in swine breeding programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujii, J -- Otsu, K -- Zorzato, F -- de Leon, S -- Khanna, V K -- Weiler, J E -- O'Brien, P J -- MacLennan, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 26;253(5018):448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1862346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Malignant Hyperthermia/genetics/*veterinary ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Ryanodine/metabolism ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Species Specificity ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Long-term human B cell lines dependent on interleukin-4 and antibody to CD40 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: CD40 is a 45- to 50-kilodalton transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and some carcinoma cell lines. Human resting B lymphocytes entered a state of sustained proliferation when incubated with both the mouse fibroblastic Ltk- cell line that had been transfected with the human Fc receptor (Fc gamma RII/CDw32) and monoclonal antibodies to CD40. In combination with interleukin-4, factor-dependent long-term normal human B cell lines were generated that were consistently negative for Epstein-Barr viral infection. Thus, cross-linking of CD40 is likely to represent an important phenomenon in the clonal expansion of B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banchereau, J -- de Paoli, P -- Valle, A -- Garcia, E -- Rousset, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):70-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/*pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/immunology/physiology ; Antigens, CD40 ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology/*physiology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/microbiology ; Cell Division ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/growth & development ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/*pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Receptors, Fc/genetics/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The fms-like tyrosine kinase, a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-21
    Description: The fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt) is a transmembrane receptor in the tyrosine kinase family. Expression of flt complementary DNA in COS cells conferred specific, high-affinity binding of vascular endothelial growth factor, also known as vascular permeability factor (VEGF-VPF), a factor that induces vascular permeability when injected in the guinea pig skin and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation. Expression of Flt in Xenopus laevis oocytes caused the oocytes to release calcium in response to VEGF-VPF. These findings show that flt encodes a receptor for VEGF-VPF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vries, C -- Escobedo, J A -- Ueno, H -- Houck, K -- Ferrara, N -- Williams, L T -- P01 HL-43821/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL-32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 21;255(5047):989-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1312256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Endothelial Growth Factors/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphokines/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Recognition of paleobiochemicals by a combined molecular sulfur and isotope geochemical approach (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-17
    Description: Study of organic matter in immature sediments from a Messinian evaporitic basin shows that consideration of structures, modes of occurrence, and carbon isotopic compositions of free and sulfur-bound carbon skeletons allow identification of biochemical precursors. Detailed information concerning biotic communities present during deposition of sediments can be retrieved in this way. Moreover, unprecedented biochemicals were recognized; these extend the horizon of biomarker geochemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohnen, M E -- Schouten, S -- Damste, J S -- de Leeuw, J W -- Merritt, D A -- Hayes, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 17;256:358-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organic Geochemistry Unit, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea ; Carbon/chemistry ; *Carbon Radioisotopes ; Dinoflagellida ; Eukaryota ; Euryarchaeota ; Geology/*methods ; Lipids/chemistry ; Paleontology/*methods ; Plants ; Soil ; Sulfur/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Reading a neural code (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: Traditional approaches to neural coding characterize the encoding of known stimuli in average neural responses. Organisms face nearly the opposite task--extracting information about an unknown time-dependent stimulus from short segments of a spike train. Here the neural code was characterized from the point of view of the organism, culminating in algorithms for real-time stimulus estimation based on a single example of the spike train. These methods were applied to an identified movement-sensitive neuron in the fly visual system. Such decoding experiments determined the effective noise level and fault tolerance of neural computation, and the structure of the decoding algorithms suggested a simple model for real-time analog signal processing with spiking neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bialek, W -- Rieke, F -- de Ruyter van Steveninck, R R -- Warland, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1854-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Diptera ; Mathematics ; *Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Recent trends in fertility and nuptiality in china (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: The State Family Planning Commission of China has conducted two large-scale fertility surveys, in 1982 and 1988, covering sample households containing 1 million and 2 million persons, respectively. These surveys obtained lifetime histories, including age at first marriage and at each birth for female members of the households from ages 15 to 67 in the first survey and from 15 to 57 in the second. The data provide detailed information on the extraordinary decline in the rate of childbearing in China (by 60% from 1970 to 1980). Because rising age at marriage played a significant role in this decline, the effect of changes in the pattern of entry into marriage on childbearing since 1980 was examined. There was a sharp increase in overall fertility (the total fertility rate) from 1980 to 1982; after falling to slightly below the 1980 level in 1985, the rate rose in 1985 and 1986 to well above that of 1980. A major factor in this arrested and partially reversed decline was a boom in marriage that followed a relaxation in 1980 of locally administered restrictions on marriage before the officially designated desirable age. In fact, the total fertility rate of married women (summed over duration of marriage rather than age) averaged much lower in the mid-1980s than in 1980. The summary rate of bearing second children increased markedly in the 1980s when calculated by age of women, but declined when calculated by duration of marriage, given the inflated number of recently married women.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coale, A J -- Feng, W -- Riley, N E -- DE, L F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):389-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: crystal structure of the complex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-17
    Description: Binding of human growth hormone (hGH) to its receptor is required for regulation of normal human growth and development. Examination of the 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of the complex between the hormone and the extracellular domain of its receptor (hGHbp) showed that the complex consists of one molecule of growth hormone per two molecules of receptor. The hormone is a four-helix bundle with an unusual topology. The binding protein contains two distinct domains, similar in some respects to immunoglobulin domains. The relative orientation of these domains differs from that found between constant and variable domains in immunoglobulin Fab fragments. Both hGHbp domains contribute residues that participate in hGH binding. In the complex both receptors donate essentially the same residues to interact with the hormone, even though the two binding sites on hGH have no structural similarity. Generally, the hormone-receptor interfaces match those identified by previous mutational analyses. In addition to the hormone-receptor interfaces, there is also a substantial contact surface between the carboxyl-terminal domains of the receptors. The relative extents of the contact areas support a sequential mechanism for dimerization that may be crucial for signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vos, A M -- Ultsch, M -- Kossiakoff, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 17;255(5042):306-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography ; Growth Hormone/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; Mutation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Scandium clusters in fullerene cages (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: The production and spectroscopic characterization of fullerene-encapsulated metal-atom clusters is reported. In particular, both solution and solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Sc(3)C(82) have been obtained. ScC(82) also gives an EPR spectrum, but Sc2Cn species-the most abundant metallofullerenes in the mass spectrum-are EPR-silent even though Sc(2) is EPR-active in a rare-gas matrix at 4.2 K. The results suggest that the three scandium atoms in Sc(3)C(82) form an equilateral triangle-as was previously suggested for Sc(3) molecules isolated in a cryogenic rare-gas matrix. The spectrum of ScC(82) has features similar to those found earlier for LaC(82) and YC(82), suggesting that it can also be described as a +3 metal cation within a -3 fullerene radical anion. An implication of this work is that production of macroscopic quantities of clustercontaining fullerenes may make possible the fabrication of exotic new structures with regular arrays of metal-atom clusters isolated in fullerene molecules, resulting in a new type of host/guest nanostructured material.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannoni, C S -- Hoinkis, M -- de Vries, M S -- Bethune, D S -- Salem, J R -- Crowder, M S -- Johnson, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1191-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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