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  • Chemical Engineering  (452)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • GENERAL
  • 1990-1994  (498)
  • 1955-1959  (118)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions are reported for the hydrogen-methane system at -150°, -200°, and -250°F. and at pressures of 500 to 4,000 lb./sq. in. The ternary system hydrogen-methane-propane was studied at 0°, -100°, and -200°F. at 500 and 1,000 lb./sq. in. Phase compositions were determined for a limited number of similar conditions for the hydrogen-methane-propylene and hydrogen-methane-ethylene-ethane-propylene-propane systems.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 290-294 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a determination of the effect of solute concentration on gas-phase mass transfer rates carbon tetrachloride was vaporized at three different concentration levels in a short 4.0-in.-diameter column packed with 0.5-in. Raschig rings.The experimental data indicate that previous mass transfer correlations should be modified to include a term (PBM/PT)2/3 and that the Schmidt number should be evaluated at average film conditions.The correlation found is suitable for predicting gas-phase mass transfer coefficients which can be combined with effective interfacial areas reported previously to obtain volumetric mass transfer coefficients for any gas-liquid-solute system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 235-248 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of cosolvents to supercritical fluid (SCF) solvents can have large effects on solubilities, giving engineers the ability to tailor loadings and selectivities of solutes for difficult separations. It is necessary to have a better understanding of the special intermolecular interactions that occur in SCF solutions to predict the effects of cosolvents. We use a SCF chromatographic technique to acquire a database of cosolvent effects for a variety of cosolvents and solutes; examination of the cosolvent effects shows evidence of hydrogen bonding, charge transfer complex formation, and dipole-dipole coupling between solute and cosolvent molecules. SCF solvents, carbon dioxide, ethane, and fluoroform, are compared, and then the use of the chromatograph to measure solubilities is discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 382 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 439-444 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: That phase equilibrium exists at the gas-liquid interface during gas absorption is usually assumed in the analysis and design of absorption equipment, but the validity of this assumption has been in doubt since Higbie's pioneering gas-absorption studies. Accurate measurements are reported herein of the absorption rates at 25°C. of carbon dioxide into short water jets in which the liquid was in laminar flow. The jets issued from circular nozzles of about 1.5-mm. diam., flowed intact downward through an atmosphere of carbon dioxide at average velocities of from 75 to 550 cm./sec. over distances of 1 to 15 cm., and were collected in a receiver slightly larger in diameter than the nozzles. The measured absorption rates are in excellent agreement with predictions based on unsteady state diffusion theory, when one assumes interfacial equilibrium. It is concluded from these results and those of other investigators that equilibrium prevails at a freshly formed, relatively clean, carbon dioxide-water interface and that the same statement probably applies to the absorption of other slightly soluble gases in water.Evidence is discussed which indicates that an accumulation of minute quantitities of surface-active materials may seriously reduce the rate of gas absorption, either by affecting the hydrodynamic characteristics of the system or perhaps by offering resistance to the transfer of solute molecules across the interface.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 397-402 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In connection with a study of the mechanism of gas absorption the problem arose of predicting absorption rates into laminar liquid jets. A solution to the problem is presented in this paper, which provides an example of the application of fluid dynamics to the analysis of mass transfer in a complex flow system.The water jets considered here issued from circular nozzles of about 1.5-mm diameter, flowed intact downward through an atmosphere of solute gas at average velocities of from 75 to 550 cm./sec. over distances of 1 to 15 cm., and were collected in a receiver slightly larger in diameter than the nozzles. Equations describing the liquid flow near the jet surface are deduced from measurements of jet diameter and analogy to related flow situations. When one uses these equations, absorption rates are predicted from unsteady state diffusion theory with the assumption of interfacial equilibrium. The predicted rates for carbon dioxide at 25°C are in close agreement with experimental determinations over the observed range of contact time of the liquid with gas, namely 0.003 to 0.04 sec.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 681-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A one-dimensional model of countercurrent fixed-bed coal gasification has been developed, and results have been compared to experimental data from commercial-scale gasifiers. The steady-state model considers separate gas and solid temperatures, axially variable solid and gas flow rates, variable bed void fraction, coal drying, devolatilization based on chemical functional group composition, oxidation and gasification of char, and partial equilibrium in the gas phase. Generalized treatment of gas-phase chemistry and accounting for variable bed void fraction were necessary to predict realistic axial temperature and pressure profiles in an atmospheric fixed-bed gasifier. Model evaluation includes sensitivity of axial temperature profiles to model options, model parameters and operational parameters. Model predictions agree reasonably well with experimental temperature and pressure profile data for gasification of eight coal types ranging from lignite to bituminous. The relative importance of char oxidation resistances to bulk film diffusion, ash diffusion, and chemical reaction is identified.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 395-406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A substantial effort has been made by numerous investigators to describe droplet breakage and coalescence in turbulent dispersions. An attempt is made here to improve these models based on existing frameworks and recent advances described in the literature. Two-step mechanisms are considered for both the breakage and coalescence models. The drop breakage function is structured as the product of the drop-eddy collision frequency and breakage efficiency which reflect the energetics of turbulent liquid-liquid dispersions. The coalescence function retains the former structure of the product of drop-drop collision frequency and coalescence efficiency. The coalescence efficiency model has been modified to account for the effects of film drainage for drops with partially mobile interfaces. These models overcome several inconsistencies observed in previous efforts and are applicable for dense dispersions (about φ[0.10-0.30]). For the daughter drops produced by breakage, a probability density is proposed based on the energy requirements for the formation of daughter drops.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 745-756 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow field inside an orifice flowmeter with a beta ratio of 0.50 operating at a Reynolds number of 91,100 has been studied using a three-color, 3-D laser Doppler anemometer system. Mean velocity measurements show large radial velocities leading into the orifice, the fluid separating from the orifice plate at the throat, the presence of a vena contracta farther downstream, flow reattachment to the pipe wall 5.3 pipe radii (R) downstream, the presence of a small upstream recirculation zone, and both a primary and secondary recirculation zone downstream of the orifice plate. The static wall pressure distribution attains a minimum pressure at 1.5 R, which does not coincide with the location of the vena contracta (0.75 R). Distributions of the entire Reynolds stress tensor are presented along with calculated values of turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence kinetic energy production, vorticity, and turbulence induced accelerations. These data are analyzed to interpret the complex turbulent flow field.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 236-241 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The decreasing solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbons with decreasing temperature continues down to the freezing point of the hydrocarbons, around -300°F. This behavior is shown to be an enlargement of phenomena exhibited by normal hydrocarbon mixtures. Methods of predicting equilibrium-phase compositions are presented for hydrogen in ligh-hydrocarbon systems. The correlations are satisfactory for binary and certain ternary systems, but are not reliable for complex mixtures.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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