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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The echo response inGnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae) (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 92 (1974), S. 181-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Gnathonemus petersii respond to each other's electric organ discharge (EOD) with an “echo” discharge of their own at a latency of about 12 msec. This response persists until interfish distances reach about 30 cm (Fig. 4). 2. Artificial electrical stimuli were used to further characterize the response. Response threshold, latency dependence on stimulus intensity, polarity characteristics (Figs. 5–7), and differential regional sensitivity indicate that “medium” electroreceptors in the anterior region of the animal underlie the response. 3. Response probability depends upon the delay of the stimulus after the last EOD and also upon the instantaneous EOD rate (Figs. 8, 9). The echo response in turn resets the EOD rhythm of the responding animal (Fig. 10). These results suggest that the echo input pathway terminates on the presumed mesencephalic command center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric organ discharge patterns during dominance related behavioral displays inGnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae) (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 92 (1974), S. 201-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The electric organ discharge (EOD) patterns seen in pairs of mormyrid fishes (Gnathonemus petersii) during displays related to aggression and establishment of dominance are described. 2. A new method of reliably separating the discharges of the two fish was used. In this method a fine wire was attached to the tail of one animal (Fig. 1). 3. Discharge patterns were examined at different stages during the characteristic sequence of overt behavioral events which usually occurred after an intruder was put into a tank in which another fish of the same species had been resident for 1 hour or more. The resident attacked the intruder immediately, the intruder being initially unresponsive. After a few minutes, however, the two fish entered into intense, mutual, antiparallel displays (Fig. 2). The displays occurred repeatedly during a period of 0.5–30 min. This period ended suddenly with one of the fish clearly dominant as shown by one-sided attacks and avoiding behavior by the submissive fish. 4. All attacks were accompanied by a smooth acceleration to a high discharge rate which was usually terminated abruptly (Fig. 3). Anti-parallel behavior was accompanied by similar accelerations in both fish. Interdischarge intervals during these high rates changed discretely between those of about 15 msec and those of about 9 msec (Figs. 3–9). Initial attacks before the antiparallel period usually produced no effect or a brief acceleration in the discharges of the attacked animal. Similar attacks when dominance was well established caused a slowing of the discharge rate of the attacked fish. 5. The echo response in which one fish responds to the EOD of another with a discharge of its own at a latency between 11 and 14 msec was seen at all stages of the encounter. This latency corresponded rather exactly to the gap in the interval histogram between the shorter intervals around 9 msec and the longer ones around 15 (Figs. 11, 12). This correspondence led to a degree of avoidance of near synchronous discharges during those attacks which did not cause either slowing or accelerations in the attacked animal (Fig. 11). A degree of synchrony avoidance also occurred during the mutually high discharge rates of antiparallel behavior. This resulted from the phase locking of the two discharge trains which was often present at these times and which was probably due to the echo responses (Fig. 13). 6. Several features of the individual discharge trains and of their interaction were examined during the period of antiparallel activity. This was done in order to see if some critical parameter could be detected which would allow one to predict the winner of the encounter and which might be used as a signal by the fish themselves. No single feature among those we examined was clearly and consistently related to the outcome of the encounter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement Studies in Photosynthesis (1971)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 22 (1971), S. 289-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.22.060171.001445
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and synthesis of a conformational analog of deoxybouvardin (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 56 (1991), S. 5385-5390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a035
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectra of the solvated hydronium ion: Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected H3O+.cntdot.(H2O)n.cntdot.(H2)m (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 3416-3427 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100372a014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of radiative cascade on electron excitation temperature measurements (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron excitation temperatures have been measured in a low-pressure (0.05-Torr Cs, 2-Torr total pressure) argon-cesium discharge that uses a heated cathode (900–1100 K). The excitation temperature determinations are based upon a model that allows calculation of cesium excited state densities for low electron density (〈1011 cm−3). The model assumes that the dominant creation processes for excited states are electron impact excitation from the ground state and radiative cascade from higher levels, while destruction is by spontaneous emission. Maxwellian electron energy distributions were used and the plasmas were considered to be optically thin. The model indicates that cascade contributions to the production of excited states can be as high as 50% for some cesium levels. Predicted emission spectra with cascade contributions to spontaneous emission intensities agree well with measured spectra except for radiation trapped transitions from low nP states to the ground state. Excitation temperatures are determined by fitting measured and calculated spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347709
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precambrian History of the West Australian Craton and Adjacent Orogens (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 21 (1993), S. 453-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.21.050193.002321
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving efficiency of breeding for higher crop yield (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Yield physiology ; Photoperiod/temperature ; Partitioning ; Harvest index ; Maturity ; Culivar adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Exclusive selection for yield raises, the harvest index of self-pollinated crops with little or no gain in total bipmass. In addition to selection for yield, it is suggested that efficient breeding for higher yield requires simultaneous selection for yield's three major, genetically controlled physiological components. The following are needed: (1) a superior rate of biomass accumulation. (2) a superior rate of actual yield accumulation in order to acquire a high harvest index, and (3) a time to harvest maturity that is neither shorter nor longer than the duration of the growing season. That duration is provided by the environment, which is the fourth major determinant of yield. Simultaneous selection is required because genetically established interconnections among the three major physiological components cause: (a) a correlation between the harvest index and days to maturity that is usually negative; (b) a correlation between the harvest index and total biomass that is often negative, and (c) a correlation between biomass and days to maturity that is usually positive. All three physiological components and the correlations among them can be quantified by yield system analysis (YSA) of yield trials. An additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) statistical analysis can separate and quantify the genotype × environment interaction (G × E) effect on yield and on each physiological component that is caused by each genotype and by the different environment of each yield trial. The use of yield trials to select parents which have the highest rates of accumulation of both biomass and yield, in addition to selecting for the G × E that is specifically adapted to the site can accelerate advance toward the highest potential yield at each geographical site. Higher yield for many sites will raise average regional yield. Higher yield for multiple regions and continents will raise average yield on a world-wide basis. Genetic and physiological bases for lack of indirect selection for biomass from exclusive selection for yield are explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223805
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Darstellung von Phosphonium- und Ammoniumjodid und die Wirkung der Hitze auf diese Stoffe (1913)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 82 (1913), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130820121
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Reduktion von Kupfersulfat in wässeriger Lösung durch Natriumhypophosphit und Natriumhydrosulfit (1913)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 80 (1913), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus den Versuchen ergibt sich, daß Cuprohydrid bei der Reaktion zwischen Kupfersulfat und unterphosphoriger Säure entsteht, daß aber die Reinheit des Produktes von begrenzten Versuchsbedingungen, besonders von Temperatur und Zeit abhängt. Die Versuche bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur zeigen, daß nach mehrstündigem Stehen das Produkt Hydrid und Oxyd enthält, und auf die Koexistenz dieser beiden Stoffe ist die Explosionsfähigkeit der trockenen Substanz bei Berührung mit Luft zurückzuführen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130800110
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