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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1975), S. 47-65 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sieben Polyester mit verschiedenem Halogengehalt wurden hinsichtlich der Kinetik ihres Abbaus sowie ihrer flammhemmenden Wirkung untersucht. Davon hatten die Polyester Nr. 1,2,3 und 4 ein Molverhältnis von Chlorendischer Säure (Diels-Alder-Addukt aus perchloriertem Cyclopentadien und Maleinsäureanhydrid) zu Isophthalsäure von 0.25, 0.67, 1.5 und 4.0. Die Polyester 5, 6 und 7 basierten auf Dimethyl-di-(p-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan, Dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichlor-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan und Dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibrom-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan.Die Untersuchungen wurden mittels thermogravimetrischer Analyse (TGA), Differentialthermoanalyse (DTA), IR-Spektroskopie und Glühstab-Analyse ausgeführt. Die thermische Stabilität dieser Polyester nahm in der folgenden Reihenfolge ab: 5 〉 6 〉 7 〉 1 〉 2 〉 3 〉 4, wenn man die Schwellentemperatur als Maß für die thermische Stabilität betrachtet. Die aus TGA-Kurven ermittelte Temperatur bei 50-proz. Gewichtsverlust stützt dies zu einem gewissen Ausmaß. Die Untersuchungen ergaben ferner einen zweistufigen Abbau. Die erste Stufe erstreckte sich von 250-450°C, die zweite von 450-600°C. Bei der ersten Stufe verengt sich der Temperaturbereich für den Abbau mit ansteigendem Halogengehalt. Bromierung ist wirkungsvoller als Chlorierung. Die Aktivierungsenergie für den Abbau dieser Polyester zeigte den selben Trend wie die thermische Stabilität. Aber die Flammhemmung ist etwa umgekehrt zur thermischen Stabilität. Diese Untersuchungen bestätigen auch einen cyclischen Mechanismus für die Flammhemmung.
    Notes: Seven polyesters having different amounts of halogen were studied for kientics of degradation and fire retardant efficiency. Out of them, the polyesters number 1, 2, 3, and 4 had the molar ratios of chlorendic acid to isophthalic acid of 0.25, 0.67, 1.5, and 4.0 respectively. The polyesters number 5, 6, and 7 were based on dimethyl-di-(p-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methane, dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichloro-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl) methane and dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibromo-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methane respectively. These studies were done with the help of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), infra-red spectroscopy and glow rod apparatus. The thermal stability of these polyesters decreased in the following order: 5 〉 6 〉 7 〉 1 〉 2 〉 3 〉 4, taking the threshold temperature as a measure of the thermal stability. The 50% weight loss temperature determined from TGA curves supported this to some extent. These studies further revealed that these polyesters degrade in two stages. The first stage of degradation ranged from 250-450°C. The second stage of degradation is in the range of 450-600°C. In the first stage, the range of temperature for degradation is constricted by increasing the halogen content. Bromination is more effective than chlorination. The activation energy for degradation of these polyesters showed the same trend as the thermal stability. But the flame resistance is somewhat in the reverse order of thermal stability. These studies also confirm a cyclic mechanism for flame retardancy.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 64 (1977), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ungesättigte Polyester aus Bisphenol-A bzw. dimethyl-di-3,5-dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl-methan und Dimethyl-di-3,5-dibrom-4-hydroxyphenyl-methan wurden einer 18 Mrad Dosis aus einer Co60-Quelle ausgesetze. Untersuchungen des Halogengehalts, der Säurezahl, der Grenzviskosität und des Isomerengehalts vor und nach der Bestrahlung deuten auf eine verhältnismäßig hohe Strahlungsbeständigkeit hin.
    Notes: Unsaturated polyesters made by using bisphenol-A, dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, and dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, respectively, were exposed to a does of 18 Mrad from a Co60 source. On irradiation, there is very little change in the halogen content in the polyesters, determined by Parr Bomb method. This indicates their stability to γ-irradiation. Study of acid value, intrinsic viscosity and isomerisation of these polyesters before and after irradiation corroborates to some extent that incorporation of aromatic rings in the polyester chain stabilises it against radiation. Minor changes in acid values and intrinsic viscosities are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 507-520 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical model is developed for the effect of segmental diffusion on reversible step growth polymerization. This model is an adaptation of the molecular model of Chiu et al. for characterizing the Trommsdorff effect in free-radical polymerization. The model is applied to the specific case of solid-state polymerization of spherical pellets of nylon 6. The results of the simulation are found to show qualitative trends as found by Gaymans et al. experimentally. The parameters of the model are curve fitted to their data using an optimal parameter estimation computer code. It is found that the optimal values of the parameters, which can be independently measured, are quite close to the values reported in the literature. The effect of varying the individual parameters on the progress of polymerization is also studied.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 423 (1976), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Über einige Zirkonium (IV)-oxid-VerbindungenEinige neue Zirlconium(IV)-oxid-Komplexe, ZrO(An)2, ZrO(Gly)2, ZrO(HSal)2, ZrO(HPth)2, ZrO(Pic)2(HPic)2 und ZrO(Quin)2(HQuin)2 wurden dargestellt durch Reaktion von ZrO(CH3C00)2CH3COOH mit Anthranilsäure (HAn), Glycin (HGly), Salicylsäure (H2Sal), Phthalsäure (H2Pth), Picolinsänre (HPic) und 8-Oxychinolin (HQuin). Ihre wichtigsten IR-Banden und, soweit möglich, molaren Leitfähigkeiten und Molekulargewichte werden mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Some new oxozirconium(IV) complexes: ZrO(An)2, ZrO(Gly)2, ZrO(HSal)2, ZrO(HPth)2, ZrO(Pic)2(HPic)2, and ZrO(Quin)2(H Quin)2 have been isolated from the reactions of ZrO(CH3COO)2CH3COOH with anthranilic acid (HAn), glycine (HGly), salicylic acid (H2Sal), phthalic acid (H2Pth), picolinic acid (HPic), and 8-quinolinol (HQuin) respectively. Their important infrared bands and wherever possible molar conductance and molecular weight have been reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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