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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apical membrane Cl-butyrate exchange: Mechanism of short chain fatty acid stimulation of active chloride absorption in rat distal colon (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Electroneutral ; Asymmetric anion exchange ; Butyrate-gradient-stimulated Cl uptake ; Cl-SCFA exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cellular model of short chain fatty acid stimulation of electroneutral Na-Cl absorption in large intestine proposes that SCFA, following its uptake across the apical membrane, recycles and is coupled to functional Na-H and Cl-short chain fatty acid exchanges. To establish the presence of a Cl-butyrate exchange (used as a model short chain fatty acid), studies of 36Cl and 14C-butyrate uptake across apical membrane vesicles of rat distal colon were performed. An outward butyrate-gradient stimulated transient accumulation of 36Cl uptake that was not inhibited by pH clamping with valinomycin (a K ionophore) and FCCP (a proton ionophore). Outward butyrate-gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake was inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 68.4 μm, and was saturated by both increasing extravesicular Cl concentration (K m for Cl of 26.8 ±3.4 mm and a V max of 12.4±0.6 nmol/mg protein·9 sec) and increasing intravesicular butyrate concentration (K m for butyrate of 5.9 mm and a V max for Cl of 5.9 nmol/mg protein · 9 sec). 36Cl uptake was also stimulated by outward gradients of other short chain fatty acids (e.g., propionate, acetate and formate). In contrast, an outward Cl gradient failed to enhance 14C-butyrate uptake. Extravesicular Cl more than extravesicular butyrate enhanced 36Cl efflux from apical membrane vesicles. These studies provide compelling evidence for the presence of an electroneutral, pH-activated, Cl-butyrate exchange which in concert with Na-H exchange is the mechanism by which butyrate stimulates electroneutral Na-Cl absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232873
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface area per molecule in lipid/C12E n membranes as seen by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 4 (1994), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Lipid membrane ; C12E n ; fluorescence resonance energy transfers ; surface area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from NBD-PE to rhodamine-PE has been used to measure the average area occupied by surfactant molecules in lipid bilayers. The Foerster radius has been determined from the spectral overlap of donor fluorescence and acceptor absorption (R 0=4.6 nm). The results of steady-state as well as of time-resolved investigations have been compared. The analysis of time-resolved fluorescence data by means of nonexponential decay functions yields an average area per lipid of 0.65 nm2 in pure POPC bilayers. The area per surfactant in two-component C12E n /POPC-membranes (n=2, 4, 6) has been determined and compared with the results of X-ray investigations. The surfactant head group seems to adapt a predominantly disordered confirmation within the bilayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01881452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung von Methyl-(trimethylsilylamino)-Fluoroalkylphosphiten und Methylamino-bis(fluoroalkylphosphiten)Professor Josef Goubeau zum 80. Geburtstage am 31. März 1981 gewidmet (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 474 (1981), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Methyl(trimethylsilylamino) fluoroalkylphosphites and Methylamino-bis(fluoroalkylphosphites)Fluorochlorophosphites, ROPFCl I, react with heptamethyldisilazane with replacement of a trimethylsilyl group to give methyl(trimethylsilylamino)fluoroalkylphosphites, CH3N-(PFOR)(SiMe3) II. The introduction of a second PFOR substituent in II by further reaction with I has been possible. Thus formation of the previously unknown methylamino-bis(fluoroalkylphosphites), CH3N(PFOR)2 III, was observed. Compounds of type III exist in a meso form as well as in a racemic pair. 19F and 31P n.m.r. spectra are discussed.
    Notes: Fluorochlorophosphite, (ROPFCl) I, reagieren mit Heptamethyldisilazan unter Substitution einer Trimethylsilylgruppe zu Methyl-(trimethylsilylamino)-fluoroalkylphosphiten, CH3N(PFOR)(SiMe3) II. Unter drastischeren Bedingungen kann mit I auch die zweite Trimethylsilylgruppe substituiert werden und man erhält die bisher unbekannten Methylamino-bis(fluoroalkylphosphite), CH3N(PFOR)2 III. Letztere liegen in einer meso-Form bzw. als Racemat vor. Die 19F- und 31P-NMR-Spektren werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814740305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4]: Ein Salz des neuen Anions Tetrakis(boran)sulfat(2 - ) Kristallstruktur und theoretische Untersuchung der MolekülstrukturProfessor Heinrich Nöth zum 65. Geburtstage gewidmet (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1353-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bis[triglymesodium(1+)][Tetrakis(borane)sulfate(2-)], [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4] ; preparation ; crystal structure ; SCF calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4]: a Salt of the New Anion Tetrakis(borane)sulfate(2- ). Crystal Structure and Theoretical Investigation of the StructureNa[H3B-m̈2-S(B2H5)] 1 is produced by the reaction between NaSH and THF · BH3, under dehydrogenation. 1 is also formed as the first 11B-NMR-spectroscopically detectable reaction product by the reaction between anhydrous Na2S and THF · BH3. Adducts of BH3 with the S2- ion are not detectable in THF. The anion [S(BH3)4]2- can however be obtained, by the addition of NaBH4 to 1 in diglyme or triglyme respectively: [Na  -  Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4] 2. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (Nr. 14). Structural data of 1 and 2 have been calculated by SCF methods. The anion of 2 may be viewed either as an adduct of B2H6 with S2-, or as a bridge substituted thia derivative of B2H7-; furthermore the anion of 2 is isoelectronic and isostructural with the SO42- ion.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion zwischen NaSH und THF · BH3 entsteht unter H2-Abspaltung Na[H3B-m̈2-S(B2H5)] 1. 1 entsteht auch als erstes 11B-NMR-spektroskopisch nachweisbares Reaktionsprodukt bei der Reaktion zwischen wasserfreiem Na2S und THF · BH3. Addukte von BH3 an das S2--Ion lassen sich in THF als Lösungsmittel nicht nachweisen. Das neue Anion [S(BH3)4]2- kann jedoch durch Addition von NaBH4 an 1 in Diglyme bzw. Triglyme erhalten werden: [Na · L]2[S(BH3)4] 2. 2 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n (Nr. 14). Aus SCF-Rechnungen erhielten wir die Strukturparameter für 1 und 2. Das Anion von 2 kann sowohl als Addukt von B2H6 an S2- als auch als brückensubstituiertes Thia-Derivat des B2H7--Ions aufgefaßt werden; ferner ist es isoelektronisch und isostrukturell mit dem SO42-- Ion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrelation zwischen Mössbauer-Isomerieverschiebungen und ESCA-Bindungsenergien (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 483 (1981), S. 75-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Correlation between Mössbauer Isomer Shifts and ESCA Binding EnergiesThe correlation between core-electron binding energies and Mössbauer isomer shifts is investigated and discussed for low-spin pentacyanoferrates(II), high-spin iron(III) compounds and high-spin iron(II) halides. The Fe2p3/2 binding energies of the investigated pentacyano ferrates(II) increase with decreasing isomer shifts as a consequence of the increasing π acid strengths of the sixth ligands. In contrast, the electron binding energies in high spin iron(III) compounds and iron(II) halides increase with increasing isomer shifts. This correlation is caused by the σ donor properties and the electronegativity of the ligands.
    Notes: Der Zusammenhang zwischen core-Elektronen-Bindungsenergien und Mössbauer-Isomerieverschiebungen wird für low-spin-Pentacyanoferrate(II), high-spin-Eisen(III)-Verbindungen und high-spin-Eisen(II)-halogenide untersucht und diskutiert. Die Fe2p3/2-Bindungsenergien der untersuchten Pentacyanoferrate(II) nehmen mit Kleiner werdenden Isomerieverschiebungen als Folge zunehmender π-Säurestärken der sechsten Liganden zu. Im Gegensatz dazu wachsen die Bindungsenergien der high-spin-Eisen(III)-Verbindungen und Eisen(II)-Halogenide mit zunehmender Isomerieverschiebung. Ursache sind die σ-Donoreigenschaften und die Elektronegativität der Liganden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814831210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Hydroborierung von Kohlenstoffdisulfid mit Natriumboranat. Pentanatrium-tetrakis(dithiomethylen)borat, ein Salz mit einem neuen „Tetrathioborat“-AnionProfessor ECKHARD ALLENSTEIN zum 60. Geburtstage am 20. Oktober 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 517 (1984), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydroboration of Carbon Disulfide with Sodium Tetrahydridoborate. Pentasodium Tetrakis (dithiomethylene) borate, a Salt with a New “Tetrathioborate” AnionCarbon disulfide reacts in THF, acetonitrile, or N, N-dimethylthioformamide with NaBH4 to give pentasodium tetrakis(dithiomethylene) borate, 6. The reaction mechanism for the new anion [B⊖(S—CH2—S⊖)4] can be described by stepwise CS2 insertion to the B—H bonds of BH4⊖ and H⊖ transfer from BH4⊖ to the intermediates. The results of these reactions have been obtained by 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Kohlenstoffdisulfid reagiert in THF, Acetonitril oder N,N-Dimethylthioformamid mit NaBH1 zu Pentanatrium-tetrakis(dithiomethylen)borat, 6. Die Bildung des neuen Anions [B⊖ (S—CH2—S⊖)4] erfolgt durch schrittweise CS2-Insertion in die B—H-Bindungen des BH4⊖-Ions sowie durch H⊖-Übertragung von BH4⊖ auf die Zwischenprodukte. Die 1H- und 11B-NMR-Spektren werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845171009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Strukturbestimmung von (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3 und (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4Professor Ernst-Otto Fischer zum 75. Geburtstage gewidmet (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: P3B and P4B ring systems ; NMR data ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Analysis of (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3 and (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4The diphosphide K(t-Bu)P-(t-BuP)2-P(t-Bu)K obtained by the cleavage reaction of the 3-membered ring system (i-Pr)2BN(t-BuP)2 with potassium reacts with t-BuPCl2 at -78°C under ring expansion to form the P3B ring system (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3 - 1,2,3-tri-t-butyl-tri-phospha-4-diisopropyl-aminoboretane (1). - The 5-membered P4B ring system (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4 - 1,2,3,4-tetra-t-butyl-tetraphospha-5-diisopropylaminoborolidine, (2) - is formed from K(t-Bu)P—(t-BuP)2—P(t-Bu)K and (i-Pr)2NBCl2 analogous to the above reaction. 1 and 2 could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analysis. 1 shows at 200 K two conformation isomers; for 2 31P-10,11B-isotopic shifts could be identified.
    Notes: Das bei der Spaltung des Dreiringes (i-Pr)2BN(t-BuP)2 mit Kalium gebildete Diphosphid K(t-Bu)P—BN(i-Pr)2—P(t-Bu)K reagiert bei -78°C mit t-BuPCl2 unter Ringerweiterung zu (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3-1,2,3-Tri-t-butyl-triphospha-diisopropyl-aminoboretan, (1) - mit einem P3B-Ringgerüst. In analoger Weise entsteht bei der Reaktion zwischen K(t-Bu)P—(t-BuP) - (t-BuP)2—P(t-Bu)K und (i-Pr)2NBCl2 das P4B-Ringsystem (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4 - 1,2,3,4-Tetra-t-butyl-tetraphospha-5-diiso-propylaminoborolidin, (2) -, 1 und 2 konnten in reiner Form isoliert, NMR-spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert werden. 1 zeigt bei 200 K zwei Konformationsisomere; bei 2 konnten 31P-10,11B-Isotopieverschiebungen nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946200104
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  • 8
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    Physico-chemical foundations underpinning microarray and next-generation sequencing experiments (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-13
    Description: Hybridization of nucleic acids on solid surfaces is a key process involved in high-throughput technologies such as microarrays and, in some cases, next-generation sequencing (NGS). A physical understanding of the hybridization process helps to determine the accuracy of these technologies. The goal of a widespread research program is to develop reliable transformations between the raw signals reported by the technologies and individual molecular concentrations from an ensemble of nucleic acids. This research has inputs from many areas, from bioinformatics and biostatistics, to theoretical and experimental biochemistry and biophysics, to computer simulations. A group of leading researchers met in Ploen Germany in 2011 to discuss present knowledge and limitations of our physico-chemical understanding of high-throughput nucleic acid technologies. This meeting inspired us to write this summary, which provides an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches based on physico-chemical foundation to modeling of the nucleic acids hybridization process on solid surfaces. In addition, practical application of current knowledge is emphasized.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    AffyRNADegradation: control and correction of RNA quality effects in GeneChip expression data (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: Motivation: Gene expression experiments aim to accurately quantify thousands of transcripts in parallel. Factors posterior to RNA extraction can, however, impair their accurate representation. RNA degradation and differences in the efficiency of amplification affect raw intensity measurements using Affymetrix expression arrays. The positional intensity decay of specifically hybridized probes along the transcript they intend to interrogate is used to estimate the RNA quality in a sample and to correct probe intensities for the degradation bias. This functionality, for which no previous software solution is available, is implemented in the R/Bioconductor package AffyRNADegradation presented here. Availability: The package is available via Bioconductor at the URL http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/AffyRNA Degradation.html Contact: Fasold@izbi.uni-Leipzig.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Surface area per molecule in lipid/C12E n membranes as seen by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1053-0509
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4994
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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