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  • 1995-1999  (40)
  • 1990-1994  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Fatty acids ; Liposomes ; Cation transport ; Membrane transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of change of internal pH and transmembrane potential has been monitored in liposomes following the external addition of various cation salts. Oleic acid increases the transmembrane movement of H+ following the imposition of a K+ gradient. An initial fast change in internal pH is seen followed by a slower rate of alkalinization. High concentrations of the fatty acid enhance the rate comparable to that seen in the presence of nigericin in contrast to the effect of FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p-(tri-fluoromethoxy)phenyl hydrazone) which saturates at an intermediate value. The ability of nonesterified fatty acids to catalyze the movement of cations across the liposome membrane increases with the degree of unsaturation and decreases with increasing chain length. Li and Na salts cause a similar initial fast pH change but have less effect on the subsequent slower rate. Similarly, the main effect of divalent cation salts is on the initial fast change. The membrane potential can enhance or inhibit cation transport depending on its polarity with respect to the cation gradient. It is concluded that nonesterified fatty acids have the capability to complex with, and transport, a variety of cations across phospholipid bilayers. However, they do not act simply as proton/cation exchangers analogous to nigericin nor as protonophores analogous to FCCP. The full cycle of ionophoric action involves a combination of both functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 603 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Channel incision is a pervasive problem that threatens infrastructure, destroys arable land, and degrades environmental resources. A program initiated in 1983 is developing technology for rehabilitation of watersheds with erosion and sedimentation problems caused by incision. Demonstration projects are located in 15 watersheds in the hills of northwest Mississippi. Watershed sizes range from 0.89 to 1,590 km2, and measured suspended sediment yields average about 1,100 t km-2-yr-1. Water quality is generally adequate to support aquatic organisms, but physical habitat conditions are poor. Rehabilitation measures, which are selected and laid out using a subjective integration of hydraulic and geotechnical stability analyses, include grade controls, bank protection, and small reservoirs. Aquatic habitat studies indicate that stone-protected stilling basins below grade-control weirs and habitats associated with drop pipes and stone spur dikes are assets to erosion-damaged streams. Additional recovery of habitat resources using modified stone stabilization designs, woody vegetation plantings, and reservoir outlets designed to provide non-zero minimum flows is under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Combinations of vegetation and structure were applied to control streambank erosion along incised stream channels in northwest Mississippi. Eleven sites along seven channels with contributing drainage areas ranging from 12–300 km2 were used for testing. Tested configurations included eroding banks protected by vegetation alone, vegetation with structural toe protection, vegetation planted on re-graded banks, and vegetation planted on regraded banks with toe protection. Monitoring continued for up to 10 years, and casual observation for up to 18 years. Sixteen woody and 13 nonwoody species were tested. Native woody species, particularly willow, appear to be best adapted to stream-bank environments. Sericea lespedeza and Alamo switchgrass were the best nonwoody species tested. Vegetation succeeded in reaches where the bed was not degrading, competition from kudzu was absent, and bank slopes were stabilized by grading or toe protection. Natural vegetation invaded planted and unplanted stable banks composed of fertile soils. Designs involving riprap toe protection in the form of a longitudinal dike and woody vegetation appeared to be most cost-effective. The exotic vine kudzu presents perhaps the greatest long-term obstacle to restoring stable, functional riparian zones along incised channels in our region. (KEY TERMS: vegetation; streambank protection; bioengineering; stream restoration; channel incision; riparian zone.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Longitudinal stone toe is one of the most reliable and economically attractive approaches for stabilizing eroding banks in incised channels. However, aquatic habitat provided by stone toe is inferior to that provided by spur dikes. In order to test a design that combined features of stone toe and spurs, eleven stone spurs were placed perpendicular to 170 m of existing stone toe in Goodwin Creek, Mississippi, and willow posts were planted in the sandbar on the opposite bank. Response was evaluated by monitoring fish and habitats in the treated reach and an adjacent comparison reach (willow post planting and standard toe without spurs) for four years. Furthermore, physical habitats within the treated reach were compared with seven reaches protected with standard toe on a single date three years after construction. Overall results indicated that spur addition resulted in modest increases in baseflow stony bankline, water width and pool habitat availability, but had only local effects on depth. These relatively small changes in physical habitat were exaggerated seasonally by beaver dams that appeared during periods of prolonged low flow in late Summer and Autumn. Physical changes were accompanied by shifts in fish species composition away from a run-dwelling assemblage dominated by large numbers of cyprinids and immature centrarchids toward an assemblage containing fewer and larger centrarchids. Biological responses were at least partially due to the effects of temporary beaver dams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 1830-1836 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against soluble antigens from the ‘Ascochyta complex’ fungi. Specificity of MAbs was tested by ELISA using antigen-coated wells. MAbs secreted by the monoclonal hybridoma cell line JIM 44 recognized epitopes present in the antigen preparations from Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, but not those present in preparations from Ascochyta pisi. At high tissue culture supernatant concentration, MAbs produced by the monoclonal line JIM 45 recognized epitopes from all three fungi, however, on dilution of MAb the antigens from A. pisi were recognized preferentially to those from M. pinodes and P. medicaginis var. pinodella. On the basis of heat and periodate treatment of the antigens from the three fungi it can be concluded that the epitope recognized by JIM 44 is carbohydrate in nature, whereas that recognized by JIM 45 is proteinaceous in nature, carried on a glycoprotein antigen. Antigen preparations from other fungi, including other pea pathogens, non-pathogens associated with pea and other fungi closely related to the ‘Ascochyta complex’, were not detected with either of the two MAbs. Antigen preparations from peas could be used to differentiate healthy and infected seeds in a dot-blot assay, therefore indicating the potential of using the MAbs in the development of a diagnostic test for infection of Pisum seeds by the ‘Ascochyta complex’ fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1444-1446 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel technique was developed to grow high-purity polycrystalline diamond films at 850 °C and 50 mTorr with 10% CH4, 2% O2, and balance H2 using a filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique in combination with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. Using Raman spectroscopy and in situ plasma diagnostics, we have shown that the hydrogen plasma selectively etched nondiamond components during deposition. Experiments with ECR plasma and the filament-assisted technique from 10−6 Torr to 50 mTorr and 500–1000 °C indicated that low-energy electrons are a key factor in growth of diamond thin films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1393-1395 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strained In0.21Ga0.79As/GaAs quantum well structures have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (111)B GaAs substrates. Well widths between 20 and 160 A(ring), separated by 500 A(ring) barriers were grown sequentially on the same substrate and subsequently characterized by low-temperature (10 K) photoluminescence. The variation of the e-hh transition energy with well width is markedly different for samples grown simultaneously on (100) and (111)B substrates due to the strain induced piezoelectric field. Using the envelope function approximation, the dependence of n=1 e-hh transitions of (111)B samples on well width can be interpreted by the presence of a built-in electric field of magnitude of 1.45×107 V/m. In contrast to the (100) sample, exciton lifetimes in the (111)B sample depend strongly on well width because of spatial separation of electrons and holes in the triangular wells. In the 160 A(ring) well, the exciton lifetime increases to 755 ns corresponding to a reduction of about three orders of magnitude in the electron-hole wave function overlap integral. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1311-1313 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Etching of SiO2 with low-energy Ar ions has been studied in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) based etching system. Ion energies were controlled by a capacitively coupled 13.56 MHz bias of the substrate. Etch rates of over 100 A(ring)/min have been achieved at ion energies below 100 V. The variation in etch rate has been studied as a function of ECR power, self-induced bias, and position of the wafer relative to the ECR source. This low-energy process can be utilized for cleaning of semiconductor surfaces prior to chemical vapor deposition or metallization processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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