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  • Chemistry  (30)
  • Computer Systems
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (30)
  • 1995-1999  (9)
  • 1990-1994  (19)
  • 1925-1929  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas treatment in trickle-bed biofilters: Biomass, how much is enough? (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trickle-bed biofilter ; mathematical model ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; waste gas treatment ; biofiltration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this article is to define and validate a mathematical model that desribes the physical and biological processes occurring in a trickle-bed air biofilter for waste gas treatment. This model considers a two-phase system, quasi-steady-state processes, uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The variation of the specific surface area with bacterial growth is included in the model, and its effect on the biofilter performance is analyzed. This analysis leads to the conclusion that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor has a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, excess biomass is removed via full media fluidization and backwashing of the biofilter. The backwashing technique is also incorporated in the model as a process variable. Experimental data from the biodegradation of toluene in a pilot system with four packed-bed reactors are used to validate the model. Once the model is calibrated with the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system, it is used to simulate the biofilter performance for different operating conditions. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 583-594, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modeling study of anaerobic biofilm systems: I. Detailed biofilm modeling (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acetate ; anaerobic biofilms ; mass transfer ; pH ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A detailed model acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms accounting for the diffusion of neutral and ionic species, chemical equilibrium, electroneutrality, gas production within the biofilm, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, and the presence of a concentration boundary layer is presented. The model qualitatively fits the pH profiles that are reported for acetate-utilizing methanogenic aggregates. A sensitivity analysis on the biological parameters showed that the flux of acetate is sensitive to the maximum utilization rate, half-saturation constant, and biofilm density for the bulk conditions investigated. Criteria when traditional biofilm models can be used to predict the flux of acetate into the biofilm are established. If the maximum pH change predicted using a hypothetical system is within ±0.05, the traditional model predicts the flux to within ±5% of the value calculated with the model developed in this study. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modeling study of anaerobic biofilm systems: II. Reactor modeling (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 54-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic biofilm ; CSTR ; reactors, nonide ; pH ; plug-flow reactors ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rigorous steady-state model of anaerobic biofilm reactors taking into account acid-base and gas-phase equilibria in the reactor in conjunction with detailed chemical equilibria and mass transfer in acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is presented. The performances of ideal completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug-flow reactors, as well as reactors with nonideal hydraulic conditions, are simulated. Decreasing the surface loading rate increases the acetate removal efficiency, while decreasing the influent pH and increasing the buffering capacity improves the removal efficiency only if the bulk pH of the reactor shifts toward more optimal values between 6.8 to 7.0. The reactor can have negative or positive removal efficiencies depending on the start-up conditions. The respiration coefficient plays a critical role in determining the minimum influent pH required for reactor recovery after failure. Having multiple CSTRs-in-series generally increases the overall removal efficiency for the influent conditions investigated. Monitoring of the influent feed quality is critical for plug-flow reactors, becasue failure of the initial sections of the reactor may cause a cascading effect that may lead to a rapid reactor failure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescenz bei der Oxydation von Farbstoffen durch Ozon (1928)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 173 (1928), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Wenn ozonisierter Sauerstoff durch Lösungen von Eosin, Uranin, Safranin, Neutralrot, Rhodamin B, Thioflavin, Cartharamin Rhodamin B. J. N. N., Erythrosin und Aesculin geleitet wird, beobachtet man ein Leuchten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19281730114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescenz bei der Oxydation von fluorescierenden und nicht fluorescierenden Stoffen durch Wasserstoffperoxyd und Ozon (1929)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 186 (1929), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Wenn zahlreiche fluorescierende oder nicht fluorescierende Farbstofflösungen durch Wasserstoffperoxyd in Gegenwart von Ferrosulfat oxydiert werden, tritt ein Glimmen auf, das im dunklen Raume zu erkennen ist.2. Die Wellenlangen der Glimmerscheinung bei der Oxydation einiger fluorescierender Fnrbstoffe durch ozonisierten Sauerstoff sind gemessen worden.3. Kieselsaure mit etwas adsorbiertem Neutralrot zeigt in einer Suspension in Äthylallrohol bei Behandlung mit ozonisiertem Sauerstoff eine Glimmerscheinung.4. Wenn kleine Mengen eines Farbstoffes, der gutes Glimmen zeigt , rnit einem anderen Farbstoff von schwachem Glimmvermogen gemischt werden, so liefert das Gemisch bei Behandlung mit Ozon ein starkeres Glimmen als der schwächer glimmende Farbstoff allein.5. Steigerung der Temperatur führt zur Verstarkung des Glimmens bei der Oxydation von Reduktionsmitteln durch Ozon oder Wasserstoffperoxyd.6. Zunahme der Konzentration der Reduktionsmittel verursacht eine Steigerung der Glimmintensitat bis zu einem Grenewert. Wird die Konzentration weiter gesteigert, so schwacht sich das Glimmen ab und hört schließlich auf.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291860111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomenological model for the unified studies of different physical properties of polymers (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 9-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird ein phänomenologisches Modell vorgestellt, mit dem sich das Entstehen starker Anisotropien der physikalischen Eigenschaften semikristalliner Polymerer nach einachsigem Verstrecken beschreiben 1äßt. Dieses Modell führt die Temperatur als expliziten Parameter in die Orientierungsfunktion ein. Es enthält zwei frei wählbare Parameter, die für jedes Polymere durch Anpassen der experimentellen Daten der Doppelbrechung als Funktion des Verstreckverhältnisses bei einer bestimmten Temperatur ermittelt werden konnen. Die berechneten Werte für Elastizitätsmodul, thermische Leitfähigkeit und Expansibilität parallel und senkrecht zur Streckrichtung stimmen in einem wäiten Bereich des Verstreckverhältnisses und der Temperatur mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen gut überein.
    Notes: A phenomenological model has been proposed to understand the development of strong anisotropy in physical properties of semicrystalline polymers on uniaxial drawing. The proposed model introduces temperature as an explicit parameter in the orientation function. The model contains two free parameters for each polymer which can be evaluated by fitting the experimental data on birefringence versus draw ratio at a particular temperature. The calculated values of elastic moduli, thermal conductivity and expansibility along and perpendicular to the drawing direction over the entire range of draw ratio and a wide range of temperature are in good agreement with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052070102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray analysis of the structure of a wholly aromatic polyester with alkoxy sidechains (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 182-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction has been used to determine the structure of the poly(p-phenylene 2,5-di-hexadecyloxy-terephthalate), which is one of a series of polyesters with stiff aromatic mainchains and flexible aliphatic sidechains currently being studied by this laboratory. The X-ray data for oriented melt quenched films show that this polymer adopts an interesting and novel structure, in which the backbones and sidechains form separate incommensurate lattices. The backbones are fully extended, and adopt a monoclinic structure with unit cell dimensions: a=26.2Å, b=7.3Å, c=12.6Å, and α=130°C. They are in contact along the b axis, thereby forming stable sheets that are separated by intercalated, highly extended sidechains, which point along the a axis. The sidechains are packed in a columnar, approximately hexagonal structure that is similar to the hexagonal form of linear alkanes. The repeat for the sidechain lattice along the backbone direction is c=13.2Å, and thus the two lattices are incommensurate. We envisage a small disordered boundary layer between the backbone and sidechain lattices, containing some of the inital and final carbons of the sidechain, and accommodating any conformational isomerism. This allows an independent lattice to be formed by the central sections of the sidechains, but this cannot propagate indefinitely because of the different c dimension and the restrictions imposed by covalent linkage to the backbones. As a result, the sidechain crystallites are only approximately 50Å wide, compared to approximately 200Å for those formed by the backbones. Simulated X-ray patterns for the above incommensurate structure show good qualitative agreement with the observed data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1994.010450308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and thermal stability, dielectric, and conductivity characteristics of some carbazole-bearing pendant and backbone sulfones (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1685-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A group of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) pendant polysulfones has been prepared by reacting it with benzene, toluene, p-chlorobenzene- and p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and N-methyl carbazole, 3,6-disulfonyl chloride by the Friedel Crafts reaction. Carbazole-based backbone polysulfones have also been prepared by the reaction of N-methyl carbazole, 3,6-disulfonyl chloride and biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, and carbazole in presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride. The various sulfone polymers, thus prepared, have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Detailed analyses of thermal stability, dielectric, and conductivity characteristics have revealed certain significant differences between these two types of sulfone polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451001
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphoric acid cation exchange resins from chemically modified polyvinyl chloride (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1703-1710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: PVC modified by Cl displacement reaction with meta-aminophenol (MAP), bisphenol A (BISA), and phenolphthalein (PHEN) has been converted into phosphoric acid cation exchange resins. These resins have been characterized in regard to their structure, ion exchange properties, and thermal stability. The ion exchange capacities fall into the range 5.5-8.0 (meq/g) for the resins. The overall thermal stability is considerably higher than that for the corresponding sulfonic acid resins, as well as for the PVC-MAP, PVC-BIS A, and PVC-PHEN condensates. The resins exhibit ca. 4-6% capacity losses under isothermal hydrolytic cleavage at 100°C for 24 h.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400924
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some observations on morphology of anhydride-modified polystyrene (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 619-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction between polystyrene and phthalic anhydride in the presence of AlCl3 has been performed in two different solvents, 1,2-dichloro ethane and nitro-benzene. The morphology of the condensate prepared in 1,2-dichloroethane has revealed the participation of 1,2-dichloroethane, i.e., a competitive Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440407
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