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  • 2000-2004  (66)
  • 1995-1999  (57)
  • 1990-1994  (73)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilayer x-ray mirrors: Interfacial roughness, scattering, and image quality (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scattering of the multilayer coatings used for our normal incidence soft x-ray telescope at λ=63.5 A(ring) has been measured at λ=1.54 A(ring) and grazing angles of incidence and at soft x rays near normal incidence. Furthermore, the edge of the moon is used as a known test target to estimate the amount of scattering in the arcsec range from images obtained on the date of the solar eclipse on July 11, 1991. The internal surfaces of the coating are inspected by high-resolution electron microscopy. A theoretical model describing the evolution and replication of roughness from layer to layer throughout the structure, which is in agreement with all experimental data is presented. We find that practically all roughness caused by the growth of the multilayer structure occurs at spatial frequencies which are too high to produce scattering. The substrate roughness is replicated at lower spatial frequencies which might produce scattering within the field of view of an instrument. However, roughness in this range is below the 0.5 A(ring) level again resulting in insignificant amounts of scatter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Incentive regulation on Infrastructure Modernization: Local Exchange Companies' Deployment of Digital Technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study examines the investment patterns of all large local exchange telephone companies in the United States over time. It identifies how different regulatoy environments have influenced the recent historical pattern of investment in modern infrastructure equipment. It focuses exclusively on the postdivestiture experience of local telephone exchange companies (LECs). It examines the growth of fiber-optic deployment and of complementary equipment associated with the modernization of today's information infrastructure. The study estimates the influence of different regulatory structures on infrastructure deployment by LECs. The study is unique in that if relates individual LEC investment patterns to LEC-specific regulatory, demographic, and economic characteristics. Thus, it isolates the contribution of state regulatory policies from that of other demographic and economic factors in the determination of infrastructure deployment at the state LEC rather than at the corporate level. Its main findings are as follows: First, price regulation (and, in particular, price caps) is a more potent regulatory mechanism than the standard earnings sharing scheme. Second, when associated with an earnings sharing scheme, price regulation is less effective in triggering infrastructure deployment than when it is implemented by itself. These results raise questions about the effectiveness of a popular regulatory instrument-earnings sharing schemes-and highlight the effectiveness of generic price-cap regulation. These results have implications for the design of regulatory policy at both the state and federal levels. In particular, given the importance currently being placed on the development of the information superhighway, regulatory emphasis should be focused more on price regulation than on regulating profits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00187.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategyand Transaction Costs: The Organizationofdistributioninthecarbonatedsoftdrinkindustry (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the ongoing transformation of the soft drink distribution of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola from systems of independent bottlers to captive bottling subsidiaries, A transaction cost-based theory is developed to explain this restructuring. It is postulated that changes in the external environment and the resulting changes in the strategies of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola raised the costs of transacting between them and their independent bottlers. Two types of empirical tests are presented. One exploits the difference in the distribution of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola in the fountain channel. The other consists of statistical analyses of the competitive effects of the move toward captive distribution. Both types of tests support the basic hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00083.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of economics & management strategy 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2001.00003.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low pass filter for soft x-ray monochromators (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 1626-1628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low pass filter is described that suppresses higher-order diffraction light from vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray monochromators. It consists of a triple silicon reflector with the angle of incidence matched to the desired photon energy cutoff. The performance is calculated and tested experimentally using a toroidal grating monochromator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Imaging performance of multilayer x-ray mirrors'' [Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1481 (1992)] (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 3195-3195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108505
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging performance of multilayer x-ray mirrors (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 1481-1483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We analyze soft x-ray images of the solar corona, obtained on the day of the solar eclipse in July 1991, and find that the deviations of our telescope mirror from the perfect surface are less than 1 A(ring) for spatial periods between 1 μm and 1 mm. Our thin film deposition technique allows us to reduce errors over larger periods to the 1 A(ring) level. Thus, we are able to produce large (diameter over 20 cm) x-ray mirrors with diffraction limited resolution below 0.01 arcsec.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107522
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragastric Oil-in-Water Emulsion Fat Fraction Measured Using Inversion Recovery Echo-Planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The fat fraction of an oil-in-water emulsion was measured in vitro and in vivo in the gastric lumen using inversion recovery echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging and a non-exchanging, 2-compartment longitudinal relaxation model. This predicted the oil emulsion fat fraction in vitro well (Pearson's R= 0.97). Intragastric measurements in vivo correlated well with nasogastric aspirates taken from the stomachs of 7 healthy human subjects (R= 0.72). This method has potentially important applications in studying the properties of oil-in-water emulsions and also in assessing the intragastric distribution of fat emulsions in vivo and in correlating physiologic gastric emptying of fat and lipid blood absorption profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb11000.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward A Positive Theory of State Supreme Court Decision Making (2003)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 5.2003, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: State Supreme Courts have grown in importance during the last thirty years in the formation of public policy. Their judgements determine many aspects of constitutional law, tort reform, judicial selection, and campaign finance reform, among others. A vast body of literature has been developed that analyzes State Supreme Court decision making, which emphasizes the conditioning effects of the legal and institutional environment. This article expands on this previous work by incorporating the interaction of the judiciary with other government institutions, and applies the Positive Political Theory approach to law and legal institutions to the State Supreme Court. In addition, the neo-institutionalist literature of the selection process is incorporated to defend a systematic approach towards decision making. Towards that end, this article explores how judicial decisions are conditioned by institutional rules, resulting in a formal modeling of how the State Supreme Courts interact with political actors to form constitutional interpretation. This model includes the judicial selection process--retention or competitive reelection--and is extended to constitutional amendment rules, explaining how these two interact rather than acting independently. Finally, the hypothesis is tested that when State Supreme Court judges face retention elections and political preferences are homogeneous, the probability increases of observing constitutional amendment prosposals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol5/iss1/art2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination chemistry of copper-containing amine oxidases: nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion studies of copper binding, solvent-water exchange, substrate and inhibitor binding, and protein aggregation (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 113 (1991), S. 754-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a004
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