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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (10)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6)
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1990-1994  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Based on the high level of extractability of myosin subunits (light chains), even after prolonged heat treatment of muscle, a new method to evaluate the dark muscle content in the fish meat and products of mackerel is proposed. Tissue-specific rabbit antisera with myosin light chains (A1 from ordinary muscle and D1 from dark muscle) from mackerel Scomber japonicus were obtained. Mackerel meat paste (surimi) was dissolved in 8 M urea containing 1% SDS, and diffused on agar plates containing antiserum against A1 or D1 by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). The results obtained showed that the area of halos formed in the plates was quite proportional to the content of dark muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The resurgence in mycobacterial infection worldwide has led to renewed attention to the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium species. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a principal mediator of macrophage activation, macrophages infected with Mycobacterium are poor in response at the cytokine. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mycobacterial infection remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the poor response to IFN-γ in mycobacterial infection. Our data clearly demonstrate that this is due to induction of suppressor of cytokine signal (SOCS) negative regulators of IFN-γ signal transduction that closely correlates with the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and gene expression stimulated by IFN-γ. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection induces the production of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in murine J774 macrophages. The level of SOCS-1 mRNA increased 1 h and reached a maximum 3 h after the addition of the bacteria. SOCS-3 mRNA expression appeared as early as 1 h after the infection. We also observed that trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate/cord factor, a major component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall, induces expression of SOCS and inhibits IFN-γ-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT1 extensively in the cells. The results in this study suggest that a molecular mechanism of mycobacterial infection affects the unresponsiveness to IFN-γ in the subsequent growth and spread of macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were performed on sarcoplasmic proteins from three taxa of cobitid fish in Japan, Cobitis biwae, C. taenia striata and C. l. taenia. These taxa are hardly distinguishable from each other by external appearance or morphological characters. Electrophoretic patterns of sarcoplasmic proteins from white muscle suggested fixed allelic differences between C. biwae and C. t. striata at two protein-coding loci (parvalbumin and creatine kinase). The third taxon, C. t. taenia, showed composite banding patterns with respect to the above two proteins, suggesting C. t, taenia originated from hybridization between C. biwae and C, t. striata. Previously, C. t, taenia and C. t. striata were believed to have shared a common ancestor subsequent to their divergence from C. biwae.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 200 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important plant pathogen which causes bacterial blight of rice. To facilitate genome studies of this bacterium, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of strain MAFF 311018. It consisted of 750 clones representing 16 genome equivalents, and had an insert size ranging from 20 to 220 kb with an average size of 107 kb. This library is the first to be constructed from a X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain. The usefulness of this library was demonstrated through polymerase chain reaction screening of 11 genes and the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region in a 192-clone subset, representing five genome equivalents. The results obtained showed an average of 5.9 BAC clones per screening. This result is in good agreement with the estimated size of the test library, indicating that the constructed BAC library can be used to facilitate genome analysis of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 39 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ciliated protozoan Paramecium contains hemoglobin in heterogeneous monomeric forms. In particular, Paramecium caudatum is characterized by the presence of a major component called Hb10 and a basic component named bHb. We found that in P. caudatum both of these hemoglobin components show some variation according to stock. The types and distributions of these hemoglobin components were examined on 16 stocks in five different syngens and one stock in an unidentified syngen using high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that in a variety of stocks the major component, Hb10, was divided into three types, A, B or A + B, and that the basic hemoglobin component was composed of a combination of two or three variants out of four possible, i.e. bHb 1, bHb 2, bHb 3 and bHb 4. Neither the Hb10 types nor the bHb variants, however, could be used to distinguish syngen in P. caudatum, since all of the Hb10 types and bHb variants were widely distributed over syngens and identical profiles appeared to some stocks in different syngens.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dryobalanops aromatica is an emergent canopy tree species with hermaphroditic bee-pollinated flowers. This species is distributed in the lowland dipterocarp forests of Malaya, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago and Borneo. The flowering of many different dipterocarp species was observed in some parts of Brunei in 1991, and all over Brunei in 1992. The outcrossing rates of D, aromatica were estimated in 1991 and 1992 in the secondary forest, and in 1992 in the primary forest. Selective harvesting of D. aromatica has occurred in the secondary forest about 20 years ago. Four enzyme systems with a total of six isozyme loci were used to estimate the single locus and the multilocus outcrossing rates. The multilocus outcrossing estimates ranged from 0.794 to 0.856, with a mean of 0.816. These estimates are similar to those for other tropical tree species. Although the flowering density of D. aromatica in the secondary forest was lower than in the primary forest, the multilocus outcrossing estimates were not significantly different. The variation between years in the secondary forest was also not significant. These findings may be largely the result of the high flowering tree density of this species, even in the secondary forest. In this study, the outcrossing rates of D. aromatica were maintained by high flowering density regardless of the size structure or the topography of the habitat.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 696 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A synthetic lipid A of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 (compound PG-381), which is similar to its natural lipid A, demonstrated no or very low endotoxic activities as compared to Escherichia coli-type synthetic lipid A (compound 506). On the other hand, compound PG-381 had stronger hemagglutinating activities on rabbit erythrocytes than compound 506. Compound PG-381 also induced mitogenic responses in spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice, as well as LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice. The addition of polymyxin B resulted in the inhibition of mitogenic activities, however, compound 506 did not show these capacities. Additionally, compound PG-381 showed a lower level of activity in inducing cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages and gingival fibroblasts from C3H/HeN mice, but not C3H/HeJ mice, in comparison to compound 506. Thus, this study demonstrates that the chemical synthesis of lipid A, mimicking the natural lipid A portion of LPS from P. gingivalis, confirms its low endotoxic potency and immunobiological activity.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 lipid A showed lower activity in inducing interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β production and cytokine mRNA expression than synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A (compound 506) in alveolar macrophages of C57BL/6 mice. Both the lipid As induced tumor necrosis factor α in alveolar macrophages and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages. A calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, W-7, inhibited IL-1β production and its mRNA expression induced by P. gingivalis lipid A but not compound 506 in alveolar macrophages. A CaM kinase activator reduced the induction of IL-1β in the serum of mice when administered with compound 506, and protected the mice against the lethal toxicity. The modulation of a variety of intracellular enzymes including the CaM kinase may result in clinical control of endotoxic sepsis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 28 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to examine the effect of spectinomycin on outbreaks of swine dysentery, experimental infection of piglets with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was carried out. Feed with and without spectinomycin (SP) was given to each piglet ad libitum and the susceptibility of the piglets to infection with B. hyodysenteriae was compared between SP-treated and untreated piglets. The results showed that the SP-treated piglets did not display clinical signs of swine dysentery unlike the untreated piglets. The sera obtained from these piglets were examined by the microscopic agglutination test and antibodies to B. hyodysenteriae in both groups of experimentally infected piglets were detected and the reaction was serogroup-specific. The agglutination titers were very high in the untreated piglets with dysentery while the titers in the SP-treated piglets were lower than those in the untreated piglets. In addition, the immunoblotting technique was applied and the results demonstrated that 22- and 17-kDa proteins in strain ATCC 31212 (serogroup B) reacted strongly with the sera from the untreated piglets but not with the sera from the SP-treated piglets. The 22- and 17-kDa proteins also reacted with strain ATCC 27164 (serogroup A) which belongs to a different serogroup. The 22- and 17-kDa proteins were also confirmed in six other strains of B. hyodysenteriae which belong to six different serogroups. These proteins were sensitive to proteinase K. These results indicate that the 22- and 17-kDa proteins are common to eight strains of B. hyodysenteriae which differ serologically from each other.
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