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  • 1
    Call number: M 98.0418 ; M 98.0418
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 320 S.
    Edition: 10., korr. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3817115016
    Classification:
    C.4.1.
    Language: German
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1013-1016 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There have been numerous reports that Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) thin-film capacitors with RuO2 electrodes and compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary exhibit minimal decrease in switched polarization with electric-field cycling. We show that the fatigue performance of RuO2//PZT//RuO2 capacitors strongly depends on PZT film composition. Specifically, we demonstrate that the rate of polarization fatigue increases with increasing Ti content for PZT thin films of tetragonal crystal symmetry deposited on RuO2 electrodes. As the Ti content of the PZT films increased, the film gain morphology changed from columnar to granular and the volume percent of a fluorite-type second phase decreased. These microstructural trends and the possibility that the electrode material acts as a sink for oxygen vacancies are discussed to explain the fatigue dependence on B-site cation ratio for PZT films with RuO2 electrodes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7983-7990 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We explore the interrelationships between the green 510 nm emission, the free-carrier concentration, and the paramagnetic oxygen-vacancy density in commercial ZnO phosphors by combining photoluminescence, optical-absorption, and electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopies. We find that the green emission intensity is strongly influenced by free-carrier depletion at the particle surface, particularly for small particles and/or low doping. Our data suggest that the singly ionized oxygen vacancy is responsible for the green emission in ZnO; this emission results from the recombination of a photogenerated hole with the singly ionized charge state of this defect. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, a strong correlation is observed between the green 510 nm emission, the free-carrier concentration, and the density of singly ionized oxygen vacancies in commercial ZnO phosphor powders. From these results, we demonstrate that free-carrier depletion at the particle surface, and its effect on the ionization state of the oxygen vacancy, can strongly impact the green emission intensity. The relevance of these observations with respect to low-voltage field emission displays is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1280-1282 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy have been combined to characterize Pb-doped ZnO ceramic powders. We observe a decrease in the 2.26 eV emission peak and a concomitant smearing of the band edges, narrowing the effective gap of the grains to ≈2 eV with increasing lead content. Both phenomena are at least in part attributed to the formation of a separate PbO-like phase, likely residing at the grain boundaries. The free-carrier concentration in the grains was also observed to decrease with increasing Pb content. Our EPR results suggest that this may be due to electron transfer from oxygen vacancy donors to substitutional Pb centers, acting as electron traps. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; 13C ; 2H ; 18O ; doubly labeled water method ; carbon dioxide production ; energy expenditure ; indirect calorimetry ; goat ; ruminant ; stabile Isotope ; 13C ; 2H ; 18O ; Wasser-Dopplemarkierungsmethode ; Kohlendi-oxidproduktion ; Energieumsatz ; indirekte Kalorimetrie ; Ziege ; Wiederkäuer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zweck der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Validierung der13C-Bicarbonat-Methode (13C-M) und der doppeltmarkierten Wassermethode (DLWM) zur Bestimmung der CO2-Produktion R(CO2) bei Ziegen als Wiederkäuermodell. Die indirekte Kalorimetrie war als Referenzmethode ausgewählt worden. Die Untersuchungen wurden an 2 Afrikanischen Zwergziegen bei 3 unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstadien (Alter: 5, 10 und 14 Monate, Körpermasse: 14,6, 20,3 und 21,7 kg) durchgeführt. Die Tiere wurden 14 Tage vor und während der Untersuchung bilanziert gefüttert. Die Isotopentracer (4 mg/kg NaH13CO3, 120 mg/kg2H2O and 75 mg/kg H2 18O; 99 At.-%) wurden simultan als einmalige impulsförmige Dosis in die Vena jugularis injiziert. Danach befanden sich die Tiere für 8 Tage in zwei Respirationskammern (Kammervolumen: 2,85 m3, Luftdurchsatz: 25 l/ min), um die CO2-Produktion und den O2-Verbrauch zu bestimmen. Für die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mit Hilfe der13C-M wurden Proben der Ausatemluft aus den Respirationskammern gezogen. Die Messung der13C-Anreicherung und der CO2-Konzentration der Atemproben erfolgte mittels eines Infrarot-Analysators. Für die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mittels der DLWM wurde Blutserum verwendet. Die2H- und18O-Anreicherungen wurden massenspektrometrisch gemessen. Urinproben wurden zur Quantifizierung des renalen Harnverlusts über 24h gesammelt. R(CO2) wurde mittcls der13C-M unter Verwendung der Fläche unter13C-Anreicherung-Zeit-Kurve berechnet. Die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mittels der DLWM basierte auf den Anstiegen der2H- und18O-Kurven und dem Körperwasser-Pool. Die Werte von R(CO2) aus der13C-M war vergleichbar mit denen aus kalorimetrischen Messungen. Die im Vergleich zur indirekten Kalorimetrie kleineren (nicht statistisch signifikant) Werte von R(CO2) — 92% aus13C-M und 87% aus DLWM — deuten auf die Inkorporation von13C und2H in andere Metaboliten als CO2 und H2O hin. Die Körperwasser-Pools (bezogen auf die Körpermasse), berechnet aus den Ordinatenabschnitten der2H- und18O-Kurven (bei t=0), betrugen 66% bzw. 63%. Die Körperwasser-Pools zeigten keine Altersabhängigkeit. Der renale Wasserverlust wurde zu 35% des totalen Wasserverlusts (0,76 1 / d) berechnet.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to validate the13C bicarbonate method (13C-M) and the doubly labeled water method (DLWM) for the estimation of the CO2 production R(CO2) in goats as a ruminant model. Indirect calorimetry was chosen as the reference method. Studies were carried out in 2 male African dwarf goats at 3 different developing stages (age: 5, 10, and 14 months, body mass: 14.6, 20.3, and 21.7 kg). Animals were fed a balanced feed 14 days before and during the studies. The isotope tracers (4 mg/kg NaH13CO3, 120 mg/kg2H2O, and 75 mg/kg H2 18O; 99 At.-%) were simultaneously given as a single pulse injection into the jugular vein. Thereafter, the animals were kept for 8 days in two respiration chambers (volume of chamber: 2.85 m3, air flow rate: 25 1 / min) for the estimation of CO2 production and O2 consumption. For the determination of R(CO2) using the13C-M samples of exhaled breath were drawn from the respiration chambers. The13C enrichment and CO2 concentration of breath samples were measured by means of an infrared isotope analyzer. In order to determine R(CO2) by means of the DLWM, blood serum was used. The2H and18O enrichments were measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Urine samples were collected over 24 h to quantify renal water losses. The R(CO2) was calculated by means of the13C-M using the area under the13C enrichment-time curve. The determination of R(CO2) by means of the DLWM was based on the slopes of the2H and18O disappearance curves and the body water pool obtained from the zero time intercept of the isotope curves. The values of R(CO2) resulting from the13C-M were found to be comparable with those from the calorimetric measurement. Smaller (not statistically significant) values of R(CO2) - 92% from13C-M and 87% from DLWM - compared to the indirect calorimetry could indicate the incorporation of13C and2H into metabolites other than CO2 and H2O, respectively. The body water contents calculated from the zero time intercepts of the2H and18O disappearence curves amounted to 66% and 63%, respectively. The body water content was found to be not related to the age of animals. The renal water loss was calculated to be 35% of the total water loss (0.76 l/d).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Anxiety ; genetic differences ; microdialysis ; serotonin ; elevated plus-maze test ; black-and-white box test ; social interaction test ; modified open-field test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Inbred Fisher 344 and outbred Harlan–Wistar rats were compared in the elevated plus maze, the black-and-white box, the social interaction test, and a modified open-field test, to assess the contribution of genetic factors to aversion-motivated behavior. All animals used were born and raised under identical conditions. Compared to the Wistar rats, the Fischer rats displayed a more pronounced fearful behavior in all tests. In a separate microdialysis study, the relationship between behavioral variations to biochemical differences was assessed, with serotonin (5-HT) release in the ventral hippocampus being measured during the elevated plus-maze test. Exposure to the elevated plus-maze induced an increase in hippocampal 5-HT in the (more anxious) Fischer rats but not in the (less anxious) Wistar rats. The results confirm the influence of genetic factors on emotionality in rats and demonstrate a close, although not simple, relationship between the serotonergic system and “anxiety-related” behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1995-08-28
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
  • 10
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