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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 2607-2610 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 3214-3220 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The properties of the recently discovered extrasolar planets were not anticipated by theoretical work on the formation of planetary systems, most models for which were developed to explain our Solar System. Indeed, the observational technique used to detect these planets (measurement of ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 804-807 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Isochronous stress-strain relationships and long term creep performance for unfilled and hydroxyapatite filled polyethylene composites have been studied. The tests were carried out in a buffered (pH=7.5) Ringer's solution at 37°C. It was observed that the inclusion of hydroxyapatite does not remove the non-linear viscoelasticity of polyethylene. The creep resistance is found to increase with increase in volume fraction of hydroxyapatite. The creep failure of composites at long times can occur due to debonding of the interface.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Gruppe von trichterförmigen, gabbroiden Plutonen von Black Hill, Südaustralien, setzt sich aus einer unteren Serie von geschichteten Peridotiten, Troktoliten and Olivin-Gabbro-Kumulaten, die von Gabbro-Noriten und potassischen Gabbros überlagert werden, zusammen; letzgenannte Gesteine ergaben ein Sm-Nd Isochronenalter von 489 ± 39 Ma. Die Mineralzusammensetzungen der Gabbros belegen eine Mischungslücke bei Olivin (Fo75-55). Die Gesteine folgen einem kontinentalen, tholeiitischen Fraktionierungstrend und kristallisierten bei hohen Temperaturen (1200-1000°C), unter niedrigem Druck (≈ 1 kbar) and moderatem fo2 (≈ QFM). Wiederholte Magmenzufuhr und Krustenassimilation sind weitere zu beriicksichtigende, komplexe Prozesse, die sich in einem offenen System abspielten. Feinkörnige Norite von einem der Plutone könnten durch Assimilationsprozesse - she äußern sich in einer Erhöhung desa SiO2 liquid liquid - entstanden sein. In diesen Gesteinen kristallisierte Orthopyroxen vor Plagioklas. Alle Gabbros, einschließich der primitivsten Peridotite, sind an LREE und inkompatiblen Elementen angereichert. Die berechnete Zusammensetzung des Ausgangsmagmas, das im Gleichgewicht mit dem primitivsten Troktolit steht, weist hohe La/Yb, La/Nb, Ti/Y and niedrige Rb/Ba auf. Basaltische Dykes, die die Gabbros durchsetzen zeigen ähnliche Elementverhältnisse. Derartige Zusammensetzungen sind untypisch für astenosphärische Schmelzen und belegen, daß die Anreicherung an inkompatiblen Elementen nicht einfach nur mit geringen Aufschmelzungsraten zu erklären ist. Auf Grund der Isotopendaten (εNdi 3.4 to -4.6,87Sr/86 Sri 0.7038–0.7065) kann these Anreicherung auch nicht leicht mit Krustenkontamination erklärt werden. Vielmehr wird eine angereicherte, lithosphärische Mantelquelle vermutet. Publizierte Daten an Mantelxenolithen von tertiären Vulkanen zeigen sehr ähnliche isotopische und geochemische Zusammensetzungen and belegen these Hypothese. Gemeinsam mit A-Typ Graniten und untergeordnet, vorkommenden, vulkanischen Gesteinen sind die Gabbros Teil einer hochtemperierten bimodalen, magmatischen Serie, die den Adelaide Fold Belt postdeformativ, während der kambro-ordovizischen delamerischen Orogenese, intrudierten. Das Vorkommen solcher Magmen ist problematisch, da die Präsenz dicker, orogen gebildeter Lithosphäre die Möglichkeit der Dekompressions-Aufschmelzung der Astenosphäre stark vermindert. Eine mögliche Lösung dieses Dilemmas ist, daß konvektives Ausdünnen des lithosphärischen Mantels unterhalb der Orogenzone das Aufschmelzen von hydratisierten, angereicherten Regionen innerhalb der Lithosphäre förderte. Dieses Modell bringt die Beobachtungen, daß die Gabbros einerseits eine lithosphärische Signatur zeigen, andererseits aber während der Hebungsphase und am Ende des Deformationsgeschehens intrudierten, in Einklang.
    Notes: Summary A group of funnel-shaped gabbroic plutons at Black Hill, South Australia, consist of a lower series of layered peridotite, troctolite and olivine gabbro cumulates overlain by gabbronorites and potassic gabbronorites, the latter yielding a Sm-Nd isochron of 489 ± 39 Ma. Mineral assemblages in the gabbros record an olivine compositional hiatus (Fo75-55) and a high temperature (1200-1000°C), low pressure (∼1 kbar), continental tholeiitic fractionation trend under moderate fO 2 (∼QFM) conditions. The liquid line of descent involved complex open system processes including recharge and crustal assimilation. In one pluton, fine-grained norites may reflect assimilation which resulted in an increaseda SiO2 liquid causing orthopyroxene to crystallize prior to plagioclase. All the gabbros, including the most primitive peridotites, are LREE and incompatible element enriched. Moreover, the calculated parental magma composition in equilibrium with the most primitive troctolite has high La/Yb, La/Nb, Ti/Y and low Rb/Ba, similar to that of basaltic dykes which cut the gabbroic complex. Such compositions are untypical of melts derived from the asthenosphere suggesting that the incompatible element enrichment is not simply due to small degrees of melting. Given the isotopic constraints (εNdi 3.4 to −4.6,87Sr/86Sri 0.7038-0.7065), this enrichment is not easily reconciled by crustal contamination either, and instead it is inferred to reflect an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Published data on mantle xenoliths from local Tertiary volcanoes overlap the isotopic and geochemical array of the gabbros and dykes, supporting this hypothesis. In conjunction with A-type granites and minor volcanic rocks, the gabbroic plutons form part of a high temperature, bimodal magmatic suite which intruded the Adelaide fold belt just after the cessation of convergent deformation during the Cambro-Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. The appearance of such magmas is problematic since thick orogenic lithosphere severely restricts the likelihood of decompression melting in the asthenosphere. One solution to this dilemma is that convective thinning of the lithospheric mantle beneath the orogen promoted melting of hydrated, enriched regions within the lithospheric mantle. Such a model can reconcile the strong lithospheric mantle signature in the gabbros with the observation that their intrusion was coincident with uplift and the cessation of deformation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 56 (1996), S. 147-169 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Mannum-Granit bildet einen Teil der Padthaway Suite von A-Typ Graniten, die zusammen mit dem Black Hill Gabbro-Komplex unmittelbar nach dem Ende der Delamerischen Orogenese in den Adelaide-Fold Belt intrudiert wurden. Im Granit kommen Blöcke von Mikrogranit die als aus dem Dach stammende Teile einer kontaminierten Randfazies interpretiert werden, sowie zahlreiche mafische Enklaven vor. Letztere zeigen eine Vielfalt von rundlichen und wassertropfenförmigen Formen, sind feinkörnig, zeigen keine abgeschrägten Ränder und enthalten, und reagieren mit, Quarz und Feldspatkristallen aus dem Granit. Dies legt nahe, daß sie gleichzeitigem mafischem Magma zuzuordnen sind, das mit dem granitischen Magma während der Intrusion gemischt wurde. Modellierte Temperatur-Viskositätsbeziehungen zeigen, daß das granitische Magma eine Temperatur von mehr als 930 °C gehabt haben muß, nachdem thermisches Gleichgewicht erreicht war — sonst hätten die Enklaven sich nicht plastisch verhalten können. Die Gleichzeitigkeit der mafischen Magmen macht es möglich, Probleme des thermischen Budgets zu lösen, die sich aus der Bildung dieser Hochtemperatur-Granite ergeben. Ein beträchtlicher Mantel-Flux muß während ihrer Entstehung geherrscht haben. Dies steht in Übereinstimmung mit Schweredaten und mit dem Vorkommen der Black Hill Gabbros. Die Zusammensetzungen der Enklaven variieren von Dolerit und Quarz-Diorit bis zu leukokratischen Varietäten. Zusammen mit dem Mannum-Granit und mit den anderen Padthaway Graniten und Gesteinen aus dem Black Hill Gabbro Komplex definieren sie eine Tholeiit-Granophyr-Serie (SiO2 49–74%). Obwohl die Zusammensetzung der Enklaven durch Diffusion und Hybridisierung modifiziert wurde, treten thermale Argumente für eine genetische Beziehung zwischen dem mafischen und dem felsischen Magma in den Vordergrund. Nd und Sr Isotopen-Daten des Wirt-Granites und der Enklaven (87Sr/86Sri 0.7041–0.7060; Nd1 + 4 to −2) sprechen nicht für eine krustale Herkunft dieser Gesteine. Die Verteilungsmuster inkompatibler Elemente zeigen, daß die A-Typ Granite aus einem stark fraktionierten Magma kristallisierten, und dies stimmt mit rascher Abnahme von Eu/Eu* bei relativ konstantem Ndi überein. Die hohen Eu/Eu* und die Nd-werte dieses Trends fallen in den Bereich der assoziierten mafischen Gesteine. Dies zeigt, daß die A-Typ Granite der Padthaway-Gruppe auf die Segregation entwickelter residualer Schmelzen zurückgehen, die chemisch und isotopisch ähnlichen Granophyr in den Black Hill Gabbro-Plutonen bilden.
    Notes: Summary The Mannum granite forms part of the Padthaway A-type granite suite, which intruded the Adelaide fold belt along with the Black Hill gabbroic complex just after the cessation of the Delamerian Orogeny. Included within the granite are microgranite blocks, inferred to be stoped pieces of a contaminated margin facies, and numerous mafic enclaves. These enclaves display a variety of globular and tear-drop shapes, are fine-grained, lack chilled margins and enclose and react with quartz and feldspar phenocrysts from the granite, suggesting they represent contemporaneous mafic magma that was mingling with the granite magma during intrusion. Modelled temperature-viscosity relationships show that, in order for these enclaves to behave in a plastic manner, the granite magma must have had a temperature in excess of 930 °C after thermal equilibration was achieved. The contemporaneity of mafic magmas resolves any thermal budget problems arising out of the formation of these high-temperature granites, and a considerable mantle flux is implied during their genesis, consistent with gravity data and the presence of the Black Hill gabbros. The enclave compositions range from dolerite and quartz-diorite to leucocratic varieties, and, together with the Mannum granite, the other Padthaway granites and rocks from the Black Hill gabbroic complex, define a tholeiite-granophyre series (SiO2 49–74%). Although the composition of the enclaves has been modified by diffusion and hybridism; the coherency of this array augments thermal arguments for a genetic relationship between the mafic and felsic magmas. Nd and Sr isotope data on the host granite and enclaves (87Sr/86 Sri 0.7041–0.7060;ɛNdi + 4 to −2) do not favour a crustal origin for any of the rocks. Rather, incompatible element plots indicate the A-type granites crystallized from highly fractionated magmas, consistent with rapid decreases in Eu/Eu* at relatively constantɛNdi The high Eu/Eu*, highɛNdi end of this trend projects into the array for the associated mafic rocks. This suggests the A-type granites of the Padthaway suite may have resulted from segregation of evolved residual interstitial liquids which form chemically and isotopically similar granophyre in the Black Hill gabbroic plutons.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: surface texturing ; chemical patterning ; nanostructures ; self-assembled monolayers ; cell attachment ; lithography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe methods of fine scale chemical and topographical patterning of silicon substrates and the selected attachment and growth of central nervous system cells in culture. We have used lithography and microcontact printing to pattern surfaces with self-assembled monolayers and proteins. Chemical patterns can be created that localize and guide the growth of cells on the surfaces. Self-assembled surface texturing with structures at the tens of nanometers scale and lithographic based methods at the micrometer scale have been used to produce a variety of surface topographical features. These experiments suggest that surface texture at the scale of tens of nanometers to micrometers can influence the attachment of these cells to a surface and can be used as a mechanism of isolating cells to a particular area on a silicon substrate.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 239-252 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: metal matrix composites ; thermal conductivity ; titanium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thermal conductivity data are presented for titanium-based composites reinforced with 10 and 20%, by volume, of SiC and TiB2 particles and for a composite reinforced by 10%, by volume, of SiC short fibers. In each case the thermal conductivity of titanium would be expected to be enhanced by the presence of the reinforcement. Measurements were made on the composites both as fabricated and after heat treatment. The results clearly show that the thermal conductivity of the Ti-SiC is much lower than predicted and decreases still further after heat treatment. This is attributed to the production of an interfacial contact resistance as a result of crack generation in the reaction products. A smaller effect is noted in the Ti-TiB2 composites.
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