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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early life history and recruitment of the tropical eel Anguilla bicolor pacifica, as revealed by otolith microstructure and microchemistry (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 133 (1999), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Otolith microstructure and microchemistry of the tropical eel Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt were examined in glass eels collected at the mouth of the Dumoga River, North Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Ages of the glass eels examined (age at recruitment) ranged from 124 to 202 d (167 ± 19.3 d; mean ± SD), hatching being estimated as having occurred between November 1995 and March 1996. Otolith increment widths markedly increased from age 101 to 172 d (135 ± 18.2 d; mean ± SD), coincident with a drastic decrease in otolith Sr:Ca ratios, suggesting that metamorphosis began during that period. The duration of metamorphosis was estimated as 20 to 40 d, on the basis of otolith microstructural characteristics. The fluctuation patterns in otolith increment widths and Sr:Ca ratios were similar to those of the temperate Japanese eel A. japonica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050470
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the early life history of the Australasian shortfinned eel Anguilla australis from Australia and New Zealand, as revealed by otolith microstructure and microchemistry (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 381-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Otolith microstructure and microchemistry were examined in juveniles of Australasian shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, from Australia and New Zealand. Patterns in otolith increment widths were similar in these two stocks. A marked increase in otolith increment width was found from age 138 to 198 d (mean ± SD: 164 ± 18.6 d) from Australia, 161 to 208 d (185 ± 17.3 d) from the western coast of New Zealand and 161 to 211 d (187 ± 18.9 d) from the eastern coast. These changes coincided with a drastic decrease in otolith Sr:Ca ratios, suggesting that metamorphosis began at these ages in each species. The duration of metamorphosis estimated from otolith microstructure was the same in the different stocks, 17 to 41 d (mean ± SD: 27 ± 5.4 d). Ages at recruitment were 186 to 239 d (mean ± SD: 208 ± 17.4 d) from Australia, 214 to 263 d (232 ± 19.8 d) from the western coast of New Zealand and 208 to 266 d (237 ± 20.0 d) from the eastern coast. There was a significant difference in the age between the Australian stock and the two stocks from New Zealand. No significant difference was found in the age between the latter two stocks. The difference in the period for the recruitment between Australian and New Zealand stocks seems to reflect their geographical separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050637
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel) related to latitude (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 6 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract— Isozyme genotypes of 400 glass eels recruiting to 4 localities along the east Asian coast, stretching from Taiwan to the Yalu River of northeastern China, were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. Geographic cline was found to exist in two loci: NADP-isocitrate dehygenase-1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Frequencies of the most common allele of these two loci increased from south to north. In the latitudinal range of 25°N to 40°N, the magnitude of difference of IDH100 and PGD100 was 13% and 9% respectively. However, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found to be insignificant in both loci at three of the four localities. The cline was, therefore, unlikely to have resulted from selection. Migration time-lag from different parts of the continent to the spawning ground in the western Pacific was suggested to be a possible reason for the formation of the cline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1997.tb00141.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA differentiation between two sympatric morphs of striped jack near Japan (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two sympatric morphs (type A with a vertebral number of 25 and type B with a vertebral number of 24) of striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider) were analysed genetically. A part of the 16S–rRNA region of mtDNA was amplified with polymerase chain reaction for 24 specimens, and a restriction enzyme fragment polymorphism showed significant differences between the two types. While all specimens sampled in Ogasawara were identified as type B, about 90% of striped jack in Oita were type A and 10% were type B. Although the spawning areas of these two types are still unknown, significant genetic differences between the two sympatric morphs show that recruitment and migration patterns might differ from each other. The current system suggests the possibility that the juveniles of type B in Oita may migrate from the Ogasawara Islands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01405.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep level of iron-hydrogen complex in silicon (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3828-3831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deep levels related to iron in n-type silicon have been investigated using thermally stimulated capacitance (TSCAP) combined with minority carrier injection. The TSCAP measurement reveals two traps of EV+0.31 and EV+0.41 eV. The trap of EV+0.41 eV is a donor due to interstitial iron. The trap of EV+0.31 eV, due to a complex of interstitial iron and hydrogen, is observed in the sample etched chemically with an acid mixture containing HF and HNO3 and annihilates after annealing at 175 °C for 30 min. It is demonstrated that interstitial 3d transition metals such as vanadium, chromium, and iron tend to form complexes with hydrogen in n-type silicon, and the complexes induce donor levels below the donor levels of the isolated interstitial species. This trend is related to the interaction between the metals and hydrogen in the complexes. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of density, starvation and size difference on aggressive behaviour in juvenile yellowtails (Seriola quinquevadiata) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of density, starvation and size difference on aggressive behaviour in juvenile yellowtails. Seriola quinqueradiatu (Temminck and Schlegel), were investigated. When fish were acclimated to densities of 1, 2, 4. 8, and 16 fish L-1, the frequency of aggressive behaviour per fish decreased significantly. Following starvation for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, the highest aggression was observed at 24 h, while levels of aggression were equal between 0 and 8 h. According to a pair match test from one batch among three groups of different size (total length mni: 16.6 ± 2.0, 21.1 ± 2.1, and 29.7 ± 4.9), the highest aggression was observed in the group with the largest size difference. Therefore, in view of the three parameters investigated, aggressive behaviour in the yellowtail was concluded to be positively starvation- and size-dependent, but negatively density-dependent. Synthesizing all relevant results, including abiotic factors such as the light condition, a practical method is presented to reduce mortality caused by aggressive behaviour in yellowtail cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00607.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical involvement of dietary docosahexaenoic acid in the ontogeny of schooling behaviour in the yellowtail (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate involvement of the central nervous system in the ontogeny of behaviour, diets of differing quality were used to rear yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata larvae and juveniles. Artemia nauplii enriched with oleic acid (OA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or two different concentration levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were fed to yellowtail larvae (LT 7 mm; 13 days old) for 12 days, and their behavioural development was analysed together with growth, survival, activity and fatty acid composition. Yellowtail fed with DHA–enriched Artemia showed mutual attraction behaviour at 11 mm LT, while those fed with OA– or EPA–enriched Artemia did not show this behaviour at the same size. While fish in the OA group showed poor growth, survival and activity index, fish in the EPA group were similar to the two DHA groups. In addition, most fish tested, including the OA group, showed clear optokinetic responses. Fatty acid composition of the diet was reflected in that of the fish body. Therefore, dietary DHA in the larval stage is considered to be essential for the development of schooling behaviour in the yellowtail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00996.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ontogeny of schooling behaviour in the striped jack (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ontogeny of schooling behaviour was investigated in laboratory-reared striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex larvae and juveniles. Mean separation angle between nearest individuals averaged 78 and 82° in 10- and 12-mm fish, respectively, and decreased to 57° in 16-mm fish. In addition, interindividual distance decreased from three times body length in 12-mm fish to twice the body length in 16-mm individuals; this value continued to decrease gradually to 1·3 at 19 mm to 0·79 at 30 mm. Mutual attraction due to visual recognition was observed in 12-mm fish and increased with total length. The optokinetic response (Ro, the ability of a fish to keep station with moving patterns) first appeared in 4–6-mm larvae. In spite of the traditional emphasis of the importance of Ro in schooling behaviour, the onset of Ro was insufficient to result in school formation. The emergence of mutual attraction seems essential for the ontogeny of schooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb02011.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset and development of cannibalistic behaviour in early life stages of yellowtail (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The onset and development of cannibalistic behaviour were observed in early life stages of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Cannibalistic behaviour was divided into four actions, i.e aim, chase, nip and ingestion. The frequency of chase was used as an index of cannibalistic behaviour because it always appeared in every sequence of cannibalism, although a sequence of cannibalistic behaviour sometimes stopped before nip or ingestion. No cannibalistic behaviour was observed during the larval phase until day 22 after hatching (when fish were 9.6mm T.L.) either in a rearing pond or in experimental tanks. The onset of cannibalistic behaviour was observed on day 23, coinciding with metamorphosis from the larval to juvenile phase, and it developed until day 39, with a tentative decrease between day 33 and day 36. This inverted peak corresponded roughly to the development of schooling behaviour after day 33, which was determined by distance to the nearest neighbour. In the rearing pond, suffocation of a cannibal by its prey, appeared from day 23. Field observation of juvenile yellowtails aggregating around floating seaweeds showed that cannibalism occurred in three out of 10 schools, in which six cannibals were found among 194 fish. Cannibalistic behaviour in early life stages of yellowtail may occur as a final phase of inter-individual interference and may have a role for size selection of a School member.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01415.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seamounts and the Mystery of Eel Spawning (1998)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 290-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050502
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