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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model calculations of Langmuir monolayers: Pressure effects on tilting behavior of idealized amphiphiles (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 673-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model amphiphiles consisting of lines of Lennard-Jones (LJ) centers are investigated to determine the effect of pressure and molecular geometry on ground-state tilting behavior. Both the amphiphile length and the intramolecular distance between LJ centers is varied. The results give guidelines for understanding and controlling tilting behavior in monolayer films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of the solid to superliquid phase transition of Langmuir monolayers. II. Characteristics of phase transition (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 1961-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The restricted-to-free rotator phase transition of fatty acid monolayers has been modeled using a potential which represents the amphiphiles as planar cross sections of fourfold symmetry. Using much larger system sizes than paper I [D. R. Swanson, R. J. Hardy, and C. J. Eckhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 8194 (1993)], Monte Carlo simulations of the isobaric–isothermal ensemble of model systems with varied number of objects were undertaken to study the effect of system size on the characteristics and order of the phase transition. A peak in the specific heat vs temperature curve was observed near the transition. For each system size, the maxima of the peak showed a linear dependence on the area, which is characteristic of a first order transition. The latter is further confirmed from the observation of a small "van der Waals'' loop by increasing the volume at a constant temperature. The result of this simulation matches the qualitative behavior of experimental observations of monolayers, which undergo a weakly first order transition. Additional similarity with experiment was found by the determination that the simulated superfluid phase has the short range translational order and quasilong range bond orientational order characteristic of a hexatic phase. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473335
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental heating with stellarator wave modes (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 486-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A perturbation method is developed to find the structure of Alfvén wave modes in a cylindrical waveguide filled with a cold, collisional, uniform plasma with a vacuum layer between the plasma and a conducting wall when the magnetic field is a superposition of a uniform and an inhomogeneous l=2 field created by helical windings. The influence of the helical field on the wave mode structure is treated as a perturbation. It is shown that the m=−1 azimuthal component of a modified m=+1 fast Alfvén wave is left-hand polarized in the central part of the plasma. This implies a coupling between the m=+1 fast (right-hand polarized) wave and m=−1 slow (left-hand polarized) waves due to the inhomogeneity of the l=2 fields. The coupling efficiency is examined for different plasma parameters. Results demonstrate that efficient coupling between the modes occurs for appropriate plasma parameters in this model, indicating that efficient plasma heating at the fundamental ion cyclotron frequency is possible in stellarators. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872731
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher-order terms in mode conversion (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2810-2812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of model equations to describe mode conversion and tunneling in an inhomogeneous plasma usually uses expansions of the Modified Bessel functions in the parameter λ=〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12k⊥2ρL2, keeping only the lowest possible order to demonstrate tunneling. With the high temperatures of fusion parameters, especially for fusion alpha particles, this parameter may not be small. It is shown here that the effective expansion parameter is really βj=2μ0njkTj/B02, the ratio of plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872969
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact order reduction method in mode conversion problems (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3129-3140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The exact order reduction method solves the fourth-order system of equations from the Vlasov equations that describe mode conversion by breaking the solution into two steps. The first step is to find the numerical solutions of a pair of second-order equations for the fast waves and slow waves, respectively, which are easily obtained. The second step uses an associated integral equation to obtain the coupling between the fast and slow waves. Potential difficulties due to singularities in the kernel of the integral equations near the axis are resolved by altering the integration path. This allows accurate estimates for mode conversion efficiencies in realistic geometries as the integral equation is solved only in a narrow region near resonance, while the global fast wave solution of the reduced second-order equation covers the entire cross section. The method makes virtually no approximations except that it keeps only the lowest nontrivial order terms in the Larmor radius expansion. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872452
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhomogeneous cyclotron emission source for the five branch mode conversion problem (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1791-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent results on determining the spatial profile of the emission source distribution from a cyclotron mode conversion layer are extended to the five branch wave coupling case which occurs when the X-mode is coupled to the O-mode. A variational problem for an inhomogeneous source is formulated and solved. Computations demonstrate that the basic features, including a highly localized emitter, are generally similar to those of the three branch mode conversion problem. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871478
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunneling versus absorption in X-mode transmission through cyclotron layers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 691-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Although proven analytically from mode conversion theory that the transmission coefficient through a cyclotron harmonic layer is independent of absorption, the result seems so nonintuitive that another way of seeing this result is given. In this paper, the transmission coefficient is deduced from the usual integral of the imaginary part of k over the layer, both with and without absorption. The fact that these both give exactly the same result, which agrees with the analytical result from mode conversion theory, shows that the absorption plays no role whatsoever in the transmission coefficient. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871902
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of emission from the X-mode at the third electron cyclotron harmonic from mode conversion and reflection (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Both absorption and emission of the X-mode in the vicinity of the third electron cyclotron harmonic (ω∼3ωce) in a weakly inhomogeneous magnetic field are analyzed. The mode conversion problem is solved both without absorption and with synchrotron absorption and emission. The transmission is shown to be independent of absorption, and the emission is related to absorption exclusively through the reflection coefficient, which is calculated. The numerical values for the reflection coefficient are obtained from a sum that is exact, and quickly gives high accuracy values within its radius of convergence. The effects of reflection are shown to be generally neglectible for most laboratory plasmas, but potentially important in some space plasmas. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871462
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing tolerance/intolerance and cryoprotectant synthesis in terrestrially overwintering anurans in the Great Plains, USA (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 110-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Overwintering ; Freezing tolerance ; Supercooling ; Glycogen phosphorylase ; Anurans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mechanistic bases for freezing tolerance in anurans have been well-studied only in wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, so comprehensive explanations for the mechanisms and evolution of freezing tolerance in anurans are lacking. We measured crystallization temperatures, freezing tolerance/intolerance, and tissue glucose and glycogen phosphorylase activities in frozen and unfrozen winter-acclimated Pseudacris triseriata, Bufo cognatus and B. woodhousei. Freezing occurred at higher subzero temperatures on wet substrate than on dry substrate in all species, indicating susceptibility to inoculative freezing. P. triseriata was freeze-tolerant, but survival was dependent on the level of supercooling prior to freezing. All Bufo were freezing intolerant, regardless of crystallization temperature. Glucose was significantly elevated by freezing in both liver (35-fold) and leg muscle (22-fold) in winter P. triseriata, but only liver glucose was significantly elevated in B. cognatus. However, freezing did not alter glycogen phosphorylase activity in either species. Liver phosphorylase activity was significantly higher in P. triseriata than in B. cognatus, suggesting that capacity for mobilizing glucose from liver glycogen is associated with freezing tolerance. Summer measurements of liver phosphorylase activity, however, did not differ between species. Thus, P. triseriata, but not B. cognatus, exhibited winter increment of liver phosphorylase activity that is correlated with the development of freezing tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301174
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  • 10
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    Exact order reduction method in mode conversion problems (1997)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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