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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LARGE AREA HYDROLOGIC MODELING AND ASSESSMENT PART II: MODEL APPLICATION (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper describes the application of a river basin scale hydrologic model (described in Part I) to Richland and Chambers Creeks watershed (RC watershed) in upper Trinity River basin in Texas. The inputs to the model were accumulated from hydro-graphic and geographic databases and maps using a raster-based GIS. Available weather data from 12 weather stations in and around the watershed and stream flow data from two USGS stream gauge station for the period 1965 to 1984 were used in the flow calibration and validation. Sediment calibration was carried out for the period 1988 through 1994 using the 1994 sediment survey data from the Richland-Chambers lake. Sediment validation was conducted on a subwatershed (Mill Creek watershed) situated on Chambers Creek of the RC watershed. The model was evaluated by well established statistical and visual methods and was found to explain at least 84 percent and 65 percent of the variability in the observed stream flow data for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. In addition, the model predicted the accumulated sediment load within 2 percent and 9 percent from the observed data for the RC watershed and Mill Creek watershed, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05962.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical transformations of the polyimide Kapton brought about by ultraviolet laser radiation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4881-4887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By the use of ultraviolet laser pulses of microsecond and millisecond duration it is shown that the chemistry of the transformations of Kapton by UV laser radiation is strongly dependent on the intensity (power/unit area) of the laser beam. With these long pulses, the polymer was not ablated. The decomposition resulted in 51% of the polymer weight being converted to gaseous products consisting mostly of CO (67%), HCN (15%), C2H2 (12%), and some (〈5%) CO2. The major solid product that remained was "glassy'' carbon which was identified from its Raman spectrum. This material can be viewed as the product of the secondary addition reactions of the residue that is left after the loss of the gaseous products listed above. With 20 ms pulses, the evolution of the gaseous products increased linearly with intensity and the product composition was constant within the experimental uncertainty over a 12-fold range of intensity up to 50 kW/cm2 (≡1 kJ/cm2). These results show that pulses of duration much greater than ns do not lead to ablation even at fluences that are 104 greater than the threshold for ablation using nanosecond pulses. It is therefore more appropriate to view the ablation of this polymer by UV laser pulses of nanosecond duration as being due to the scaling of an intensity threshold rather than a fluence threshold as has become the practice. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359776
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fully automated precise measurement system for sound velocity and internal friction in solids down to liquid helium temperatures using the vibrating reed technique (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3436-3441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and fabrication of a fully automated, computer controlled, precise measurement system for sound velocity and internal friction using the vibrating reed technique is described in detail. Relative variation of sound velocity and internal friction has been measured using automatic frequency locking. A detailed description of the apparatus is given. The associated electronics that took care of quite a few problems in getting a good lock-in condition have been highlighted. With a bath cryostat and sample insert, measurements were made down to liquid helium temperatures with a temperature control accuracy better than 10 mK. The resonance frequency and the peak amplitude were recorded as a function of temperature which in turn provided temperature variation of sound velocity and internal friction with a relative accuracy better than 1 part in 104 and 1.5%, respectively. Precise nature of the results obtained using this setup is highlighted for a specimen of an amorphous alloy near it's Curie temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fully automated precise electrical resistance measurement system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2867-2870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fully automated precise electrical resistance measurement system for more than one sample has been constructed. Conventional four-probe measurements with van der Pauw and Montgomery configurations are possible with this system. Resistance measurements in the range of a few μΩ to a few GΩ are possible for six samples at a time from room temperature down to liquid-helium or liquid-nitrogen temperatures with a temperature control accuracy of better than 10 mK. The design features of the system with special reference to the low-noise switching methods of currents and voltages are described in detail. Precision of the results thus obtained using this system are highlighted for a few superconducting and semiconducting samples. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONTINENTAL SCALE SIMULATION OF THE HYDROLOGIC BALANCE (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: This paper describes the application of a continuous daily water balance model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for the conterminous U.S. The local water balance is represented by four control volumes; (1) snow, (2) soil profile, (3) shallow aquifer, and (4) deep aquifer. The components of the water balance are simulated using “storage” models and readily available input parameters. All the required databases (soils, landuse, and topography) were assembled for the conterminous U.S. at 1:250,000 scale. A GIS interface was utilized to automate the assembly of the model input files from map layers and relational databases. The hydrologic balance for each soil association polygon (78,863 nationwide) was simulated without calibration for 20 years using dominant soil and land use properties. The model was validated by comparing simulated average annual runoff with long term average annual runoff from USGS stream gage records. Results indicate over 45 percent of the modeled U.S. are within 50 mm of measured, and 18 percent are within 10 mm without calibration. The model tended to under predict runoff in mountain areas due to lack of climate stations at high elevations. Given the limitations of the study, (i.e., spatial resolution of the data bases and model simplicity), the results show that the large scale hydrologic balance can be realistically simulated using a continuous water balance model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04192.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LARGE AREA HYDROLOGIC MODELING AND ASSESSMENT PART I: MODEL DEVELOPMENT (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A conceptual, continuous time model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. The model is currently being utilized in several large area projects by EPA, NOAA, NRCS and others to estimate the off-site impacts of climate and management on water use, non-point source loadings, and pesticide contamination. Model development, operation, limitations, and assumptions are discussed and components of the model are described. In Part II, a GIS input/output interface is presented along with model validation on three basins within the Upper Trinity basin in Texas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-period intensity oscillations in the solar corona observed during the total solar eclipse of 26 February 1998 (1999)
    Springer
    Solar physics 188 (1999), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Encouraged by the detection of high-frequency, low-amplitude continuum intensity oscillations in the solar corona during the total solar eclipse of 1995, we designed and fabricated a six-channel photometer incorporating low-noise Hamamatsu R647 photomultipliers. Fast photometry at five different locations in the solar corona was performed at Don Bosco Mission, Venezuela during the total solar eclipse of 26 February 1998. Three interference filters with passbands of about 150 Å and centered around 4700, 4900, and 5000 Å were used. The photometric data were recorded at a rate of 20 Hz in three channels and 50 Hz in the remaining three channels. The power spectrum analysis of one of the channels that recorded appreciable counts indicates the existence of intensity oscillations in the frequency range 0.01–0.2 Hz. A least-squares analysis yields 90.1, 25.2, and 6.9 s periods for the three prominent components which have amplitudes in the range 0.5–3.5% of the coronal brightness. These periods and their amplitudes are similar to those detected in the coronal intensity oscillations during the 1995 eclipse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005149303094
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential capacitance studies of the specific adsorption of thiosulfate on silver (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 993-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: thiosulfate ; silver ; adsorption ; differential capacitance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The differential capacitance of a polycrystalline Ag electrode was measured in a NaClO4 electrolyte containing Na2S2O3 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 20mm and at electrode potentials ranging from −0.9 to −0.3V vs SCE. The differential capacitance measurements were analysed to obtain the surface coverage of specifically adsorbed thiosulfate (S2O32−) as a function of both electrode potential and bulk concentration. The various forms for the adsorption isotherm at an electrochemical interface which are commonly employed are reviewed and discussed. The adsorption behaviour is best explained by the formation of image dipoles by the specifically adsorbed ions, whose energetic interactions are then dominated by repulsion of like dipoles. The adsorption data is quantitatively fit to an adsorption isotherm for interacting dipoles, yielding an effective dipole moment of 0.72D for the system S2O32−/Ag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003405329562
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional tolerancing: A design for manufacturing methodology (1996)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 8 (1996), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Design methodology ; Functional tolerancing ; Lathe design ; Machine precision ; Wavelets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem addressed in this paper is the development of a physico-mathematical basis for mechanical tolerances. The lack of such a basis has fostered a decoupling of design (function) and manufacturing. The groundwork for a tolerancing methodology is laid by a model of profile errors, whose components are justified by physical reasoning and estimated using mathematical tools. The methodology is then presented as an evolutionary procedure that harnesses the various tools, as required, toanalyze profiles in terms of a minimum set of profile parameters and tore-generate them from the parameters. This equips the designer with a rational means for estimating performance prior to manufacturing, hence integrating design and manufacturing. The utility of thefunctional tolerancing methodology is demonstrated with performance simulations of a lathe-head-stock design, focusing on gear transmission with synthesized errors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607864
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrogen bonding in 1-ethynyl-2-(2′-carbethoxy-1′-vinyl)-2,3-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-cyclohexan-1-ol (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cyclohexane ; alkyne ; hydrogen bonding ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of the title compound, C18H28O3, is determined. The hydrogen bond scheme does not follow considerations based on hierarchies of donor and acceptor strengths. The hydroxyl group of the molecule accepts only very weak C–H···O interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022434713804
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