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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct monitoring of Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) in nodules and soil using lac Z fusions (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nodulation ; Competitiveness ; Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) ; lacZ fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We constructed lacZ fusions in Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) by random Tn5-lacZ mutagenesis. The lacZ+ fusants formed blue colonies on a Rhizobial minimal medium containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal). Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) fusant HSL-2 was identified in nodules and soil in a mixed population on the basis of the lacZ+ phenotype. Nodule occupancy of inoculated Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) HSL-2 (lacZ+) was assessed by directly streaking the nodule sap on X-gal plates. This method revealed differences between rhizobia carrying identical antibiotic markers. The rhizobial population in soil was estimated by direct plate counts using a medium containing X-gal. Introduction of lacZ into the Rhizobium sp. thus provided a simple and direct method for identifying strains from nodules and soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334908
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of pyrites varying in water-soluble sulfur with gypsum for the reclamation of alkali soils under a rice-wheat rotation (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Pyrites ; Pyrite oxidation ; Gypsum Alkali soil ; Reclamation ; Soluble sulfur Welland rice ; Wheat ; Thiobacillus thioxidans ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the effect of agricultural-grade (AG) pyrites (total sulfur 22%) varying in water-soluble sulfur (1–8%) and gypsum on the soil properties and yields of rice and wheat in alkali soils during the years 1993–1995 at the Gudha and Saraswati experimental farms at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. Gypsum and pyrites were applied on the basis of gypsum requirement (GR) of the soils. Results showed that the efficiency of AG pyrites in decreasing soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and increasing crop yields was dependent on their water-soluble sulfur content at the time of application to the field. Pyrites with 5.5% and 8% soluble sulfur were as effective as gypsum. The freshly mined pyrite (water-soluble S 1%) was found to be inefficient in reclaiming alkali soils. We also explored the possibility of increasing the water-soluble sulfur content of pyrite by optimizing its storage conditions. When pyrite (1% water-soluble S) was stored under moist conditions by sprinkling water over the bags under a rain shelter, there was an enrichment of indigenous iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of pyrite, and the water-soluble sulfur increased to 5% within a period of 6 months. However no such increase occurred when pyrite was stored dry. We conclude that the soluble sulfur content of pyrite increased during its storage under moist conditions and should be between 6% and 8% at the time of its application to the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420227
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct monitoring of Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) in nodules and soil using lac Z fusions (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nodulation ; Competitiveness ; Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) ; lacZ fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We constructed lacZ fusions in Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) by random Tn5-lacZ mutagenesis. The lacZ+ fusants formed blue colonies on a Rhizobial minimal medium containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal). Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) fusant HSL-2 was identified in nodules and soil in a mixed population on the basis of the lacZ+ phenotype. Nodule occupancy of inoculated Rhizobium sp. (Cicer) HSL-2 (lacZ+) was assessed by directly streaking the nodule sap on X-gal plates. This method revealed differences between rhizobia carrying identical antibiotic markers. The rhizobial population in soil was estimated by direct plate counts using a medium containing X-gal. Introduction of lacZ into the Rhizobium sp. thus provided a simple and direct method for identifying strains from nodules and soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of phosphorus and mulching on the efficiency of phosphorus use and productivity of wheat grown on a mountain Alfisol in the Western Himalayas (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A field experiment was conducted over two years in one of the mountain Alfisols of the Western Himalayas to study the effects of phosphorus and mulching on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and productivity of wheat (cv. S-308) at difference growth stages. The source of phosphorus was single superphosphate at 0, 26, 52 and 78 kg P/ha whereas the sources of mulching materials were pine needles (Pinus longifolia), lantana weed (Lantana camara) at 8 t/ha and transparent polyethylene sheet compared with no mulch.The phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) at tillering, flowering and harvesting was greatest at the lowest dose of P and decreased as the P levels were increased. However, the increased levels of P up to 78 kg/ha, significantly improved the dry matter yield at tillering stage (30%) and flowering stage (93%) and also the grain yield (139%) and straw yield (148%) at the harvest stage. The application of mulching materials in general, and polyethylene in particular, significantly increased the phosphorus use efficiency and the productivity of wheat by 27% at tillering stage; 17% at flowering stage, and by 98 and 110% in the case of grain and straw yield at harvest stage.Although the polyethylene mulch effect was physically superior to the other materials, the latter gave greater financial returns. Consequently, the economic optimum application of P in association with 8 t/ha of lantana mulch was found to be 53 kg/ha over two years, whereas, in the absence of mulching, it was 58 kg/ha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00606.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low level of polymorphism detected by SSR probes in bread wheat (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In-gel hybridization patterns were studied in a set of nine diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) genotypes using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) probes in combination with 14 different restriction enzymes. Multilocus fingerprints due to SSR probes, shown earlier to be characteristic of a majority of plant genomes, were not obtained and only a very low level of polymorphism was detected when using as many as 142 probe-enzyme combinations. The hybridization of a prominent solitary high molecular weight fragment (〉 23 kb) with a number of SSR probes suggested the presence of these SSRs (microsatellites) within the long stretches of repeated DNA sequences. This indicates that the genome of bread wheat differs from that of other plants in the organization and distribution of SSRs and that SSR probes detect very little polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01476.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers and their applications in wheat breeding (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of molecular markers to be used for a variety of objectives. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers—restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), sequence-tagged sites (STS), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (STMS)—currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits in wheat. Other markers, including microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also discussed. Recent information on synteny in cereal genomes, marker-assisted selection, marker validation and their relevance to cereal breeding in general and wheat breeding in particular are also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00401.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotation on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of two superposed magnetized conducting plasma (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2203-2209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The study of the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability of two superposed conducting fluids acted upon by a uniform horizontal magnetic field is discussed. The usual magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, with modifications to include the effect of finite Larmor radius corrections (FLR) and rotation, are taken for the description of the problem. The fluid is assumed to be dusty, and dust in the form of suspended particles is considered. The equations of the problem are linearized, and using necessary boundary conditions, a general dispersion relation for the RT instability of two superposed plasma is obtained. The dispersion relation shows no contribution of the magnetic field on the condition of the RT instability. It is also found that rotation, FLR, and suspended particles do not affect the condition of the RT instability. The different special cases are discussed to find the effect of different parameters on the growth and condition of the RT instability. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872893
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of magnetized plasma with polytropic pressure laws (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 625-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability of two fluids of a plasma, streaming in opposite directions with the same velocity and in the presence of an external magnetic field, is investigated. The external magnetic field in both fluids are in different directions. The usual magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with anisotropic pressures are considered. The generalized pressure relation is used and two equations of state for two pressures are taken up in the problem. The equations are linearized and initially two different flow velocities are taken for the system. The problem is solved and a dispersion relation is obtained. It is found that the instability condition for the static configuration depends on the polytropic index of the pressure relations. The condition of instability is further obtained for MHD and Chew–Goldberger–Low (CGL) systems. For the nonstatic streaming configuration it is also found that growth rate of K-H instability depends on various polytropic indices and magnetic field. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872780
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent morphology of three-dimensional InAs islands grown on silicon (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1273-1275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of morphology of InAs islands on Si grown through Stranski–Krastanow mode is investigated by atomic force microscopy. Formation of islands in the range of 15–50 nm is observed for depositions at various temperatures for the same monolayer coverage. Growth temperatures between 400 and 425 °C are found to yield dense ensembles of islands with uniform dimensional distributions. Found to exhibit long-term stability, these islands undergo morphological transformation when annealed at temperatures above 700 °C. Ostwald ripening occurs in these islands through an enhanced surface diffusion mechanism at high annealing temperatures. The results of annealing experiments indicate surface diffusion being the dominant mechanism responsible for morphological changes in these island structures rather than the heterointerface diffusion. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124665
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of pyrites varying in water-soluble sulfur with gypsum for the reclamation of alkali soils under a rice-wheat rotation (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1996), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Pyrites ; Pyrite oxidation ; Gypsum ; Alkali soil ; Reclamation ; Soluble sulfur ; Wetland rice ; Wheat ; Thiobacillus thioxidans ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the effect of agricultural-grade (AG) pyrites (total sulfur 22%) varying in water-soluble sulfur (1–8%) and gypsum on the soil properties and yields of rice and wheat in alkali soils during the years 1993–1995 at the Gudha and Saraswati experimental farms at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. Gypsum and pyrites were applied on the basis of gypsum requirement (GR) of the soils. Results showed that the efficiency of AG pyrites in decreasing soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and increasing crop yields was dependent on their water-soluble sulfur content at the time of application to the field. Pyrites with 5.5% and 8% soluble sulfur were as effective as gypsum. The freshly mined pyrite (water-soluble S 1%) was found to be inefficient in reclaiming alkali soils. We also explored the possibility of increasing the water-soluble sulfur content of pyrite by optimizing its storage conditions. When pyrite (1% water-soluble S) was stored under moist conditions by sprinkling water over the bags under a rain shelter, there was an enrichment of indigenous iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of pyrite, and the water-soluble sulfur increased to 5% within a period of 6 months. However no such increase occurred when pyrite was stored dry. We conclude that the soluble sulfur content of pyrite increased during its storage under moist conditions and should be between 6% and 8% at the time of its application to the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420227
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