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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of Copper Toxicity to Growth of Chlorella vulgaris with Increase of Light Intensity (1998)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 35 (1998), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the absence of inhibitory concentrations of copper, the photoautotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris INETI58C at 27°C exhibited a higher specific growth rate and reached a higher maximal concentration of biomass, under irradiance of 150 W m−2, compared with 100 W m−2. However, when the mineral growth medium was supplemented with CuSO4 (range 40–80 μM), algal growth was significantly affected at the higher light intensity. In the presence of Cu2+, the increase in dry biomass was uncoupled from the increase in cell concentration since more than 16 autospores gathered together, inside the enlarged mother cell, suggesting that copper arrested the normal bursting of the mother cell wall. At the higher irradiance, growth medium supplementation with 80 μM of CuSO4 led to bleaching of photosynthetic pigments. No growth was observed, while, under the lower irradiance, growth was only slightly inhibited. Results clearly showed that copper toxicity to growth of C. vulgaris was strongly influenced by light intensity. Higher light intensity elicits lethal or sublethal Cu2+ damage at concentrations lower than the threshold level for damage at lower light intensities. Cu2+ may elicit lethal or sublethal light damage at irradiances lower than the threshold level for unpolluted aquatic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900074
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megaplasmids in Thermus oshimai isolates from two widely separated geographical areas: restriction fragment profiling and DNA homology (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Thermus oshimai ; Megaplasmids ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; RFLP ; Southern ; hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Megaplasmid DNA was detected in ten isolates belonging to the recently described thermophilic eubacterial species Thermus oshimai and isolated from hot springs in Portugal (eight isolates) and Iceland (two isolates). The estimated size of the large plasmids purified from T. oshimai SPS-18 from S. Pedro do Sul, Portugal, and from isolate JK-91 from Hveragerdhi-Hengill, Iceland, was 214 and 275 kb, respectively. No sequence homologous to isolate SPS-18 megaplasmid is present in chromosomal DNA as indicated by Southern hybridization analysis. Overall examination of the HindIII fragment profiles of megaplasmid DNAs purified from isolates from the same geographical area gave similar but not always identical restriction profiles on agarose gels. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was higher for megaplasmids present in isolates purified from the Portuguese and Icelandic isolates than for megaplasmids from the same hot spring. Megaplasmid RFLP correlated with previous results obtained on the polymorphism of macrorestriction patterns of whole genomic DNA and with the RFLP of co-resident small plasmid DNA that was found in one half of the isolates examined. The 16-kb HindIII–HindIII fragment from isolate SPS-18 megaplasmid showed DNA–DNA homology with restriction fragments of similar size generated by the large plasmids present in all the other isolates, even in those from hot springs of widely separated geographical areas. This suggests a high degree of sequence conservation in T. oshimai megaplasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050524
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and expression of PMA1 and PMA2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown at optimal and low pH (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Plasma membrane H+-ATPase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Low pH ; PMA1 gene expression ; PMA2 gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in media with an initial pH of 2.5–6.0, acidified with a strong acid (HCl), exhibited the highest plasma membrane H+-ATPase-specific activity at an initial pH of 6.0. At a lower pH (above pH 2.5) ATPase activity (62–83% of the maximum level) still allowed optimal growth. At pH 2.5, ATPase activity was about 30% of the maximum value and growth was impaired. Quantitative immunoassays showed that the content of ATPase protein in the plasma membrane was similar across the entire pH range tested, although slightly lower at pH 2.5. The decrease of plasma membrane ATPase activity in cells grown at low pH was partially accounted for by its in vitro stability, which decreased sharply at pH below 5.5, although the reduction of activity was far below the values expected from in vitro measurements. Yeast growth under acid stress changed the pattern of gene expression observed at optimal pH. The level of mRNA from the essential plasma-membrane-ATPase-encoding gene PMA1 was reduced by 50% in cells grown at pH 2.5 as compared with cells grown at the optimal pH 5.0, although the content of ATPase in the plasma membrane was only modestly reduced. As observed in response to other kinds of stress, the PMA2 promoter at the optimal pH was up to eightfold more efficient in cells grown at pH 2.5, although it remained several hundred times less efficient than that of the PMA1 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of the H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under mild copper stress (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1998), S. 6-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Plasma membrane H+-ATPase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Copper stress ; PMA1 ; PMA2 ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exibited a more active plasma membrane H+-ATPase during growth in media supplemented with CuSO4 concentrations equal to or below 1 mM than did cells cultivated in the absence of copper stress. Maximal specific activities were found with 0.5 mM CuSO4. ATPase activity declined when cells were grown with higher concentrations up to 1.5 mM (the maximal concentration that allowed growth), probably due to severe disorganization of plasma membrane. Cu2+-induced maximal activation was reflected in an increase of V max (approximately threefold) and in the slight decrease of the K m for MgATP (from 0.93 ± 0.13 to 0.65 ± 0.16 mM). The expression of the gene encoding the essential plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1) was reduced with a dose-dependent pattern in cells grown with inhibitory concentrations of copper, while the weakly expressed PMA2 gene promoter was moderately more efficient in cells cultivated under mild copper stress (1.5-fold maximal activation). ATPase was activated by copper despite the slightly lower content of ATPase protein in the plasma membrane of Cu2+-grown cells and the powerful inhibitory effect of Cu2+ in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050671
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivation under copper stress on the activity and kinetic parameters of plasma-membrane-bound H+-ATPases PMA1 and PMA2 (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1999), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Plasma membrane H+-ATPase ; PMA1 ; ATPase ; PMA2 ATPase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Copper stress ; Copper tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase is encoded by the essential PMA 1 gene. The PMA 2 gene encodes an H+-ATPase that is functionally interchangeable with the one encoded by PMA 1 , but it is expressed at a much lower level than the PMA 1 gene and it is not essential. Using genetically manipulated strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that exclusively synthesize PMA1 ATPase or PMA2 ATPase under control of the PMA1 promoter, we found that yeast cultivation under mild copper stress leads to a similar activation of PMA2 and PMA1 isoforms. At high inhibitory copper concentrations (close to the maximum that allowed growth), ATPase activity was reduced from maximal levels; this decrease in activity was less important for PMA2 ATPase than for PMA1 ATPase. The higher tolerance to high copper stress of the artificial strain synthesizing PMA2 ATPase exclusively, as compared to that synthesizing solely PMA1 ATPase, correlated both with the lower sensitivity of PMA2 ATPase to the deleterious effects of copper in vivo and with its higher apparent affinity for MgATP, and suggests that plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity plays a role in yeast tolerance to copper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth-phase-dependent alginate synthesis, activity of biosynthetic enzymes and transcription of alginate genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsPseudomonas aeruginosa ; Alginate ; Exopolysaccharides ; Alginate enzymes ; Growth-phase ; regulation ; Alginate genes algA ; algC ; algD ; algR1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Alginate synthesis by the highly mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8821 M is growth-phase-dependent, and the alginate produced per unit of biomass reaches maximum values in the deceleration phase of growth. However, the degree of polymerization increases as batch growth proceeds, reaching maximum values at the stationary phase of growth. The activity of the four enzymes leading to GDP-mannuronic acid formation, phosphomannose isomerase, phosphomannomutase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase and GDP-mannose dehydrogenase peaked earlier at the late exponential phase. Growth-phase-dependent activity of alginate biosynthetic enzymes correlates with the level of transcription of the encoding alginate genes algA, algC and algD during growth, as indicated by Northern blot hybridization experiments. The pattern of coordinate trancriptional growth-phase regulation of these alginate structural genes concurs with the growth-dependent transcription of the regulatory gene algR1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305356
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid RFLP profiling and DNA homology in Thermus isolated from hot springs of different geographical areas (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThermus ; T. aquaticus ; "T. thermophilus" ; "T. brockianus" ; T. scotoductus ; Genomic species 2 ; Plasmid profiling ; Restriction fragment length ; polymorphism (RFLP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-four strains belonging to various species of the genus Thermus (T. aquaticus, "T. thermophilus," "T. brockianus," T. scotoductus, and genomic species 2) isolated from hot springs of different geographical areas were examined for plasmid content and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of plasmid DNAs. The four strains of the numerical taxonomy cluster E of genomic species 2 did not harbor plasmid DNA. Overall examination of the HindIII-RFLP profiling of plasmid DNA showed considerable variability between and within genomic species, with the exception of presumed clonal isolates. In spite of this heterogeneity, HindIII plasmid digests within a numerical taxonomic cluster gave a subset of restriction fragments of similar or identical length. Strains belonging to genomic species 2 or unclassified isolates from S. Pedro do Sul that harbored plasmid DNA (7 of the 14 strains studied) exhibited strong DNA homology between plasmid regions. No homologous sequences to these plasmid regions were found in chromosomal DNA from strains isolated from S. Pedro do Sul in which no plasmids were detected. The strains belonging to T. scotoductus formed two plasmid DNA homology groups, as estimated by probing with a plasmid fragment that coincided with the two numerical taxonomy clusters proposed previously. Among the other species, homology of plasmid regions was also found between some strains. Strong homology was also found between plasmid regions from some strains of different taxonomic groups, isolated from the same and from different sources, suggesting that these sequences are highly conserved in plasmids present in Thermus. For plasmid-containing strains, results of plasmid RFLP profiling/DNA homology appear promising for the typing of Thermus at the level of biotypes or of individual strains, namely, for monitoring the diversity and frequency of isolates from a particular hot spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050229
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative genomic analysis of isolates belonging to the six species of the genus Thermus using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 92-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThermus ; Restriction fragment length ; polymorphism ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Ribotyping ; Genome size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fifty isolates belonging to the six validly described species of the genus Thermus (T. aquaticus, T. filiformis, T. thermophilus, T. scotoductus, T. brockianus, and T. oshimai) isolated from hot springs of different geographical areas were compared using macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNA and ribotyping. With the exception of presumed clones, the macrorestriction patterns of isolates obtained with EcoRI or NdeI were distinct. However, isolates belonging to the same species exhibited similar profiles particularly when they were isolated from the same hot spring. The estimated genomic size of strains of the Thermus spp. varied between approximately 1.8 and 2.5 Mbp. Ribotyping with BamHI and HindIII produced 30 and 35 distinct ribotypes, respectively. In spite of the variability of the hybridization patterns produced, the ribotypes obtained for isolates belonging to the same species also shared, in general, several fragments of identical size, and these fragments were similar when isolates originated from the same spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050474
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients and water springs and genome fingerprinting of variants concerning mucoidy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-one strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from water springs, clinical isolates (some of which were from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients), and two type cultures, were characterized by ribotyping. After restriction of chromosomal DNA of the different isolates with EcoRI and hybridization of Southern transfer blots with 2-acetylaminofluorene labelled Escherichia coli 16S + 23S rRNA probe, eleven different ribopatterns were obtained, representing variations of a dominant profile. This largely predominant pattern included both type cultures, all six isolates from water springs, 33% of the nine CF isolates and 43% of fourteen other clinical isolates most of them from nosocomial infections. When the genomic macrorestriction fingerprints of three mucoid CF isolates, with AseI, DraI or BfrI were compared with those of their spontaneous variants, concerning mucoidy, no differences were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00253.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of bacterial strains capable of using lupanine, the predominant quinolizidine alkaloid in white lupin, as sole carbon and energy source (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: lupanine ; quinolizidine alkaloids ; BIOLOG ; bacterial isolation ; biodegradation ; lupin debittering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Seven Gram-negative bacterial strains, capable of using lupanine, the predominant quinolizidine alkaloid in white lupin, as sole carbon and energy source, were isolated from soil in whichLupinus albus andL. luteus had been grown. A metabolic profile system (BIOLOG) identified only three of the seven isolates, two asXanthomonas oryzae pvoryzae E and one asGluconobacter cerinus. The maximum specific growth rates of the seven isolates when incubated at 27°C in a medium containing as sole carbon source 2 g L−1 of lupanine, ranged from 0.05 to 0.13 h−1 and the concentration of dry biomass at the stationary phase ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 g L−1. Unidentified strains IST20B and IST40D exhibited the highest maximum specific growth rates (0.13h−1), removed 99% of the initial lupanine after 30 h of incubation, and the dry biomass yields did not exceed 0.4 g per g lupanine consumed. Strain IST20B is of potential use forL. albus debittering because, after 32 h growth in aqueous extracts ofL. albus, 85% of initial alkaloids were removed while the concentration of soluble protein was only reduced by 8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570053
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