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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 14 (1995), S. 4799-4807 
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wireless networks 2 (1996), S. 277-288 
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A particularly attractive feature of CDMA wireless systems proposed in the Telecommunication Industry Association's standard IS-95 [1] is their ability to get into what is known as “soft handoff”. A mobile in soft handoff maintains simultaneous radio links with multiple base-stations which enables it to make use of the best quality leg most of the time. This is believed to result in a reduction of the fade margin that is needed to provide the desired coverage in a given geographical area in the presence of log-normal shadow fading. This paper presents an analysis of fade margins for systems allowing soft handoffs (e.g. CDMA) and those where only hard handoffs are possible (e.g. FDMA, TDMA). The analysis is based on a model for hard handoffs with hysteresis and connection delay and confirms the belief that soft handoffs result in smaller fade margins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simulation of metal-MIC for evaluation of countermeasuresMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals is generally associated with the existence of a biofilm. To simulate and monitor these processes a mobile test apparatus was developed offering the possibility to simultaneously test the resistance of different metallic materials. Up to now biofilm development on metal surfaces and corrosion resistance of metal samples (St 37 and 1.4301-steel) were examined. The strongest attack on St 37 steel was obtained with a biogenic sulfide film at the metal surface as a result of the metabolism of sulfate reducing bacteria being exposed to oxygen. A continuous change between anaerobic and aerobic conditions in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria resulted in a maximal penetration of about 1 mm/year in the case of St 37-steel. Under strict anaerobic conditions penetration amounted to 0.7 mm/year. Furthermore, a microcalorimetric test was developed to determine microbial activity of biofilm samples. The test offers a certain advantage for measuring the efficiency of biocides. It could be demonstrated that the concentration of a commercial biocide had to be increased considerably to be effective.
    Notes: Mikrobiell beeinflußte Korrosion von Metallen ist in der Regel mit dem Vorhandensein eines Biofilms verbunden. Zur Simulation und zum Monitoring dieser Vorgänge wurde eine mobile Versuchsanlage entwickelt. Sie bietet die Möglichkeit, verschiedene metallische Werkstoffe gleichzeitig auf ihr Verhalten gegenüber MIC testen zu können. Bislang wurden die Biofilmbildung auf der Metalloberfläche sowie das Korrosionsverhalten von Probekörpern aus St 37- und 1.4301-Stahl untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, daß der stärkste Angriff auf St 37-Stahl dann erfolgt, wenn ein biogen durch Sulfat reduzierende Bakterien erzeugter Sulfidfilm auf der Metalloberfläche Sauerstoff ausgesetzt wird. Ein regelmäßiger Wechsel zwischen Anaerobiosis und Aerobiosis bei Anwesenheit von Sulfat reduzierenden Bakterien hatte einen maximalen Abtrag von etwa 1 mm/Jahr bei St 37-Stahl zur Folge. Unter rein anaeroben Bedingungen betrug er 0,7 mm/Jahr. Weiterhin wurde ein mikrokalorimetrischer Test entwickelt, um die mikrobielle Aktivität von Biofilmproben zu bestimmen. Eine besondere Bedeutung erhält dieses Testverfahren im Hinblick auf einen effizienten Biozideinsatz. So konnte bei der Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit eines kommerziellen Biozids gezeigt werden, daß dieses, um eine zuverlässige Wirkung zu erzielen, in wesentlich höheren Konzentrationen als angegeben eingesetzt werden muß.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials 2 (1997), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 1082-5010
    Keywords: granular materials ; vortices ; discrete element method ; coherent structures ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Discrete element models are used to investigate the formation of coherent structures within a deforming granular material. The numerical models predict the formation of coherent vortex-like structures, even when the boundary deformations introduce zero vorticity. We name these structures circulation cells because the particles instantaneously translate and rotate as a rigid body about a common centre. They occur for all the particle shapes and material properties tested. The size of these coherent structures range from approximately 20 to 600 particles, with the largest structures being limited by the test boundaries. Circulation cells are seen to play an important role in granular deformations including the formation of shear bands. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We fabricated poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50:50 microparticles loaded with an antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) against the rat tenascin mRNA and determined the effect in vitro of the AS-ODN released on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. AS-ODN was entrapped using a double-emulsion-solvent-extraction technique with high efficiency. Release of AS-ODN was characterized by a small initial-burst effect followed by a period of controlled AS-ODN release for up to 20 days. SMC proliferation studies exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition with AS-ODN-loaded microparticles. Microparticles loaded with scrambled (SC) ODN showed less growth inhibition than AS-ODN. Moreover, only the AS-ODN-loaded microparticles inhibited migration. These results demonstrate the feasibility of entrapping an AS-ODN to rat tenascin in PLGA microparticles for controlled delivery to inhibit SMC proliferation and migration. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: The formyl cation, HCO+, has long been believed to be an important intermediate in the chemistry of carbon monoxide (CO) in acidic environments, but its spectroscopic observation in solution has been elusive. This species was generated by the reaction of CO with the liquid superacid hydrofluoric acid-antimony pentafluoride (HF-SbF5) under pressure and was observed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Equilibria between CO in the gas phase, CO dissolved in HF-SbF5, the SbF5 adduct of formyl fluoride, and HCO+ associated with several equilibrating anions of the type [SbxF5x+1]- are proposed to describe the system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Rege PJF -- Gladysz -- Horvath -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉P. J. F. de Rege and I. T. Horvath, Corporate Research Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA. J. A. Gladysz, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: Three supramolecular bischromophoric systems featuring zinc(II) and iron(III) porphyrins have been synthesized to evaluate the relative magnitudes of electronic coupling provided by hydrogen, sigma, and pi bonds. Laser flash excitation generates the highly reducing singlet excited state of the (porphinato)zinc chromophore that can subsequently be electron transfer quenched by the (porphinato)iron(III) chloride moiety. Measurement of the photoinduced electron transfer rate constants enables a direct comparison of how well these three types of chemical interactions facilitate electron tunneling. In contrast to generally accepted theory, electronic coupling modulated by a hydrogen-bond interface is greater than that provided by an analogous interface composed entirely of carbon-carbon sigma bonds. These results bear considerably on the analysis of through-protein electron transfer rate data as well as on the power of theory to predict the path traversed by the tunneling electron in a biological matrix; moreover, they underscore the cardinal role played by hydrogen bonds in biological electron transfer processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Rege, P J -- Williams, S A -- Therien, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1409-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Electron Transport ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Metalloporphyrins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Porphyrins/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Zinc/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-1669
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-510X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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