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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of glucose, tetrapyrroles and protein kinase C activators on cell proliferation in cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated into a yeast nitrogen base with either glycerol or glucose as carbon source. Cell proliferation was followed by colony counts on agar medium. Cells in the glycerol-supplemented medium divided less than once in 10 days. When glucose, 6-deoxy-glucose or protoporphyrin IX was added, the cells had doubling times of about 24 h and increased in number to about 0.5 × 106 cells ml−1 Addition of either of the protein kinase C activators oleoyl-acetylglycerol or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate did not activate cell proliferation in the glycerol medium. However, when (i) glucose was combined with either protoporphyrin IX or chlorophyllin, or (ii) either protoporphyrin IX or chlorophyllin was combined with either of the protein kinase C activators, the cells had doubling times of about 12 h. Hence, (i) glucose can act as both a carbon source and a signalling molecule for proliferation, and (ii) two systems are involved in activating cell proliferation in S. cerevisiae: one operating through a protein kinase C system and another through a guanylate cyclase system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07826.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell survival and multiplication (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 137 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are clear similarities in the control mechanisms for cell survival and multiplication in the two eukaryotes, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila and the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell multiplication in both organisms is activated by the same compounds (phorbol esters, diacylglycerol, tetrapyrroles, etc.). These compounds also affect cell multiplication and other activities in mammalian cell systems. This homology in control mechanisms in two distinct groups of unicellular eukaryotes on the one hand, and in cells from multicellular animals on the other, leads us to propose that these cytoplasmic control mechanisms for cell survival and multiplication originated in the unicellular eukaryotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08093.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect pheromone in elephants (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 684-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - (Z)-7-dodecen-l-yl acetate is used by the females of more than 126 species of insects, especially Lepidoptera, as part of their pheromone blends to attract insect males1. Female Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, also use a pheromone to signal to males their readiness to mate2. This pheromone ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379684a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red List of birds of the Wadden Sea area (1996)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 113-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 350000–400000 pairs of breeding birds as well as 10–12 millions of migratory waterbirds use the Danish-German-Dutch Wadden Sea as a feeding, roosting and moulting area. The exact number of migrating birds using the Wadden Sea is unknown. 4 Wadden Sea breeding bird species are (probably) extinct in the area, e.g. Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) and Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii); the status of 5 species is critical, 4 species are endangered, the status of 6 species is vulnerable and of 4 species susceptible. Internaional responsibility can be stated for at least 15 breeding bird species or subspecies, because considerable parts of the north-west-european population (at least 5%) breed in the Wadden Sea (e.g. Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), Common Redshank (Tringa totanus totanus), Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), Little Tern (Sterna albifrons). International responsibility can be determined for at least 54 migratory bird species or subspecies, because considerable parts of the biogeographical population (at least 1%) occur in the Wadden Sea during migration. Some species are present in the Wadden Sea with about 50% or nearly 90% of all individuals of the concerned populations, which means a very special international responsibility of the Wadden Sea has to be stated for these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02366180
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulation of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 613-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought ; irrigation ; fertilizer application ; nutrients ; Picea abies ; tree growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Water and nutrient supply to forest trees are major factors controlling tree growth and forest vitality. Therefore, changes in the supply of water and nutrients to the trees may be important contributing reasons to the forest damages observed in Europe. Such changes may be caused by several factors, e.g. air pollution, soil acidification and climate change. The present study investigates possible effects on tree growth, growth related parameters and nutrition related to changes in the water and nutrient supply. Water and nutrient supply to the forest soil was manipulated in three roof covered plots. The treatments consisted of 1) summer drought, 2) irrigation and 3) combined irrigation and fertilizer application (fertigation). The results from the roof covered treatment plots were compared to a control plot without roof. Increased supply of water during the spring and early summer increased the diameter growth, whereas application of nutrients in addition to irrigation had no additional effect on tree growth. Addition of nutrients increased the needle content of P, Mn, Ca and Mg. Extended summer drought for 2 months had no effect on the tree growth or other growth parameters, but drought reduced the root development in the upper soil layer. Furthermore, drought induced significant stress symptoms by increasing the cone shredding substantially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029375
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 601-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought ; nutrient cycling ; potassium ; soil solution ; spatial variability ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At Klosterhede, Denmark experimental manipulations of water and nutrient inputs to a forest stand were carried out under a 1200 m2 roof simulating i) summer drought, ii) removal of N and S input, and iii) optimal nutrition and water availability. In practise, manipulation of element fluxes in a complex system like a forest may cause unintended changes such as climatic effects from the roof which may interfere with the results of the intended manipulation. This paper illustrates the extent and effects of such unintended changes. The most important climatic change under the roof was a 50% reduction of photosynthetic light which caused a decrease in moss cover on the ground floor. Soil temperatures under the roof were decreased 0.3°C during summer and increased 0.2°C during winter. Air humidity was not changed. Throughfall water amount decreased close to the stems whereas element concentrations in throughfall increased close to the stems and with tree size on the ambient plots. This distinct spatial pattern was changed under the roof to a more variable water distribution from the sprinkling system and to constant element concentrations in the sprinkling water. This loss/change of spatial variability in the input was reflected in the soil solution. The concentration patterns found in soil water (increasing close to the stem and with tree size) in the ambient plots were no longer observed under the roof. Exclusion of throughfall by the roof disturbed the internal cycle of nutrients leached from the canopy. The removal of canopy leached Ca and K by the roof caused a decline in soil water concentrations, even on the drought plot where natural throughfall was only cut off during two summer months. The internal cycle of Ca and K had to be restored by addition of Ca and K under the roof. Further, leachable elements and soluble compounds may be washed out from litterfall during the collection period on the roof, and thus lost from the internal cycle by by exclusion of throughfall. It is important to consider these problems in the design of new manipulation experiments and in the interpretation of the results. Some recommendations are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029374
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 623-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; biogeochemical cycling ; decomposition ; experimental manipulations ; soil water chemistry ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At Klosterhede, Denmark experimental manipulations of the input of water and nutrients to a Norway spruce forest stand have been performed. The manipulations included fertilizer application, irrigation and creation of artificial dry periods. Further, the acidic input was excluded from the soil by a 1200 m2 roof. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of air pollutants on the internal cycling of nutrients in the forest ecosystem and to assess the influence of the manipulations on the canopy interacting processes, the soil water composition and the turnover of organic matter. The improved nutrient availability and the increased soil water content in the fertigation (fertilizer application + irrigation) and the irrigation plots under the roof resulted in an increased decomposition of cotton strips compared to the uncovered control plot. However, the decomposition of needle material (litterbags) in the roof covered plots was reduced probably due to altered humidity conditions in the humic layer as a result of the irrigation system. Significant changes to the manipulations were seen in the soil water concentrations of SO4 2- in the irrigated and the fertigated plots and of K+ in the irrigated plot which show that the internal cycling and dynamics of sulphur and potassium are very sensitive to interference in the input. The effect of reduced acid input on soil water concentrations of Al and H+ was not evident before the 5th year of treatment where Al concentration was reduced almost 50% at 55 cm depth on the “clean rain” (irrigated) plot. It was not possible to detect any enlarged throughfall deposition on the fertigated and irrigated plots despite an observed rise in the canopy surface area on these plots or to detect any changes in canopy leaching reflecting changes in nutrient status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for collection, long-term storage, and bioassay of labile volatile chemosignals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemosignal ; pheromone ; Asian elephant ; Elephas maximus ; temporal gland secretion ; musth ; avoiding reactions ; headspace analysis ; 2-hexanone ; 3-pentanone ; 1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for headspace sampling and long-term storage of organic volatiles coupled with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the volatile chemosignals in a biological secretion prior to bioassay. The approach involved collecting the volatiles in evacuated canisters from an apparatus in which 1 ml of secretion was dispersed for headspace sampling. These canisters, stainless steel, 850 ml, and 100% internally electropolished, have been demonstrated to store volatile compounds, in chemically stable form, for several weeks. The GC-MS analyses provided the quantitation and identification of compounds from C3 through C14 at concentrations as low as 0.10 parts per billion volume. The approach was used to study chemosignals of musth temporal gland secretions (TGS) from a male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Fresh TGS material loses its biological activity within 1 hr. TGS material stored at −20°C usually looses its activity within 30 days. The usefulness of this method for long-term storage of the volatile chemosignals was demonstrated by the retention of biologically active TGS headspace compounds, as determined through bioassays, stored in these canisters for one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055093
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid reign '95? — Conference summary statement (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483684
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies and modelling of enhanced acidification and recovery (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the last three decades the experimental manipulations of whole ecosystems have been shown to be a useful and widely used tool for investigation of the effects of air pollution, air pollution reduction strategies and management practices on the health and productivity of forests and the acidification of catchments and fresh waters. Generally the aims have been to investigate the impact of a continued or increased load of air pollutants on the ecosystems, and the possibilities of reversing the acidifying effects by soil amelioration, addition of buffer acting substances or by removal of the air pollutants. Along with the field experiments, models have been developed to predict future effects and dynamics in the ecosystems under different air pollution scenarios. The present paper gives an overview of experimental field manipulation studies and examples of results obtained with the acidification model MAGIC. All the acidification recovery studies performed so far have shown that a reduced input of S to the ecosystem immediately from the first year resulted in reduced output, although the expected parallel reduction in output of Al and H+ did not occur until some years later, or not at all. The MAGIC model generally predicts the results of both acidification and liming field experiments very well, apart from minor discrepancies in year-to-year variability around the observed trends. Several experimental studies have confirmed that reduced input of acidity or increased input of base cations caused no or only slight changes in the pH in the soil. The buffer processes of the soil may cause the effects to be restricted to the very top soil layer, unless the manipulations were very strong. It is concluded that experimental field studies have increased our understanding of the complexity of the ecosystem and highlighted the need for studies integrating field and laboratory work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483690
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