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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo and in vitro flowering response of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): influence of plant age and vernalization (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 781-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Flowering ; Plant age ; Vernalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L. var foliosum cv Flash) were tested with and without a 4-week-long cold treatment for in vivo and in vitro flowering potential every 2 weeks during the growing season. One hundred percent of the plants harvested 112 days or later after sowing and then vernalized flowered in vivo. In vitro, no vernalization was needed to initiate flowering-stems on chicory explants taken from roots of 100 days old and older. 5-Azacytidine, a DNA demethylation agent, increased the flowering percentage on explants from young, vernalized roots but could not induce more than 15% flowering on young, nonvernalized roots. The greater flowering potential of chicory root explants in vitro when compared to plants of the same age tested in vivo was clearly established. This result suggests that some negative control on flowering was removed when root explants were excised and the main plant body discarded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050661
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryopreservation of in vitro sugar beet shoot tips using the encapsulation-dehydration technique: influence of abscisic acid and cold acclimation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 791-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsBeta vulgaris L. ; Cryopreservation ; Encapsulation-dehydration technique ; Abscisic acid ; Cold acclimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been previously shown that shoot tips of in vitro plantlets of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. clone SES1) can be cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique (survival rate of 37% after freezing). This article reports the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) and cold acclimation on survival after cryopreservation. When ABA was added to the multiplication medium of the plants, the survival rate of shoot tips after cryopreservation was not increased (45%). After cold acclimation of the plants, their growth pattern differed (plants became apically dominant) and the survival rate of the shoot tips after cryopreservation clearly increased (70% survival and 50% plant regeneration after freezing). This improved protocol was successfully applied to three other clones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050484
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of stem elongation on in vitro chicory root explants under unfavourable photoperiodic conditions by gibberellin A3 (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 16 (1995), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; in vitro ; stem elongation ; flowering ; gibberellins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Flowering stems are formed under long-day conditions on root explants of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultured in vitro while under short days, only vegetative growth is observed. Under short-day conditions (12 h), stem elongation is induced by treating newly formed shoot apices with GA3 (1 μl, 10−3M). No flower buds were formed on the GA3-induced stems. Long days seem to be indispensable for the induction of flower buds on the elongated stem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024779
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on stem elongation and floral initiation on in vitro chicory root explants under dark and light conditions (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 17 (1995), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; cyclohexanetriones ; flowering ; gibberelin biosynthesis inhibitors ; in vitro ; norbornanodiazetins ; onium type compounds ; stem elongation ; triazole-type compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root explants of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were cultured in vitro under continuous light or darkness. On a standard medium (no plant growth regulators added), flowering-stems were initiated under continuous light while under continuous dark, vegetative-stems were formed. Different types of GA (gibberellin) biosynthesis inhibitors were added to the culture medium. Paclobutrazol and compounds belonging to the group of cyclohexanetriones clearly reduced flowering-stem growth under light conditions and vegetative-stem growth under dark conditions. Under light conditions, flower bud initiation was not affected. These and other results suggest that GA1 may be synthesized during the in vitro culture period and that it controls flowering-stem growth but not floral initiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem elongation and floral initiation on in vitro chicory root explants: influence of photoperiod (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 16 (1995), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; in vitro ; stem elongation ; flowering ; photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Chicory root explants (Cichorium intybus L.) were cultured in vitro under different photoperiods. In complete darkness, strong stem elongation, but no flowering induction was observed. We suggest that this stem elongation could be homologous to the pit growth in chicory heads in vivo. Under a photoperiod of 12 h (LI=±40 μE m−2 s−1), only vegetative growth was observed. Photoperiods of 16 h or more light a day induced the in vitro explants to develop stems bearing flower buds. When the in vitro cultures were kept in the dark for different durations starting from the first day of culture and afterwards transferred to long-day conditions, 4 days dark were sufficient to cause a decrease in flowering induction. We suggest that during the dark culture, a flowering inhibitory process was started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024778
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of flower induction on in vitro chicory root explants by hydroponic forcing pretreatment of roots (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 17 (1995), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; flower induction ; hydroponic forcing ; in vitro root culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fragments of vernalized chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) cultured in vitro under continuous light flower almost 100%. When chicory roots were placed in hydroponic forcing before in vitro culture, flowering percentage was reduced by half. The build-up of inhibition during 3 weeks of hydroponic forcing was studied in detail. The third week, in which growth of the chicory head is the strongest, was especially important in the inhibition process. When the root apex was eliminated during hydroponic forcing, flowering inhibition in vitro was weaker. The same observation was made when adventitious roots, developed during hydroponic forcing, were removed. The photoperiodic conditions during hydroponic forcing had no influence on the build-up of inhibition. It is suggested that activity of the apex and, possibly, of the adventitious roots during hydroponic forcing cause the flowering inhibition on chicory root fragments in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phytochrome-mediated alteration from stem to rosette growth on chicory root explants in vitro (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 18 (1996), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chicory ; Cichorium intybus L. ; root fragments ; in vitro ; stem formation ; rosette formation ; phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Chicory root explants (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum) of two cultivars, taken before and after hydroponic forcing, were cultured in vitro in complete darkness supplemented with red and far-red light treatments. Using 5 min red light per day, the strong stem elongation occurring in complete darkness was converted to rosette formation. This reaction was reversed to stem elongation (accompanied by leaf formation) adding 15 min far-red light after the red light. Fifteen min far-red light per day alone caused the same reaction as 5 min red/15 min far-red light. Far-red light followed by red light caused rosette formation. In stems, formed under complete darkness in vitro, the presence of phytochrome was shown. No phytochrome was detected in the root fragment itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024384
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in sugar content and fatty acid composition of in vitro sugar beet shoots after cold acclimation: influence on survival after cryopreservation (1999)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 28 (1999), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris L. ; cryopreservation ; cold acclimation ; fatty acids ; sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To cryopreserve sugar beet shoot tips using an encapsulation-dehydration technique, cold hardening of in vitro plants was needed to obtain high survival rates after freezing. Cold acclimation not only enhanced dehydration and freezing tolerance, but also induced several changes in sugar beet shoots. Plants contained greater amounts of sucrose, D-glucose and D-fructose and the fatty acid composition of lipids changed. Furthermore, the unsaturation level of membrane lipids, estimated by the (C18:2 + C18:1)/C16:0 ratio, increased after cold hardening. These changes were correlated with better survival rates after cryopreservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006262827160
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterization of regulatory elements in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene PCK1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 246 (1995), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ; Glucose repression ; Gluconeogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis. The expression of the PCK1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strictly regulated and dependent on the carbon source provided. Two upstream activation sites (UAS1PCK1 and UAS2PCK1) and one upstream repression site (URSPCK1) were localized by detailed deletion analysis. The efficacy of these three promoter elements when separated from each other was confirmed by investigations using heterologous promoter test plasmids. Activation mediated by UAS1PCK1 or UAS2PCK1 did not occur in the presence of glucose, indicating that these elements are essential for glucose derepression. The repressing effect caused by URSPCK1 was much stronger in glucose-grown cells than in ethanol-grown cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288610
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  • 10
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    The Yeast Genome Directory (1997)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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