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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identity and bioactivity of oviposition deterrents in pine oil for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition deterrency ; monoterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The oviposition deterrent properties of pine oil (Norpine 65, Northwest Petrochemicals, Anacortes, Washington) for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen), were verified using a two-choice bioassay with onion oil as an attractive control. The principal deterrent property of this pine oil was found to reside in three monoterpenes, 3-carene, limonene, and p-cymene, which were the primary constituents identified in the most deterrent of two fractions made by preparative gas chromatography of steam-distilled pine oil. At release rates of 220, 320 and 320 μg per 24 h in two-choice bioassays these monoterpenes respectively caused 73.2, 65.4 and 56.3% deterrency of oviposition, while the ternary mixture released at 320 μg per 24 h caused 88.6% deterrency. The ternary mixture also caused 62.5% deterrency in a no-choice bioassay. Of eight other monoterpenes tested, myrcene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and β-pinene were significantly deterrent in declining order, while α-pinene was inactive. The ternary mixture was released from glass capillary tubes or flexible plastic cylinders in further bioassays that challenged caged females to oviposit around the base of 35 potted onion seedlings with release devices placed on the soil surface. The most effective deterrency (85.3%) was achieved at a release rate of 280 μg per 24 h per pot if plastic cylinder devices were deployed 24 h before the treated pot was exposed to D. antiqua females. If female D. antiqua were given only a treated pot, deterrency of oviposition on potted onion seedlings was significant, but low (11.7–63.2%). Because of incomplete efficacy, a monoterpene-based deterrent formulation would be best used operationally if combined with other deterrents, or if it were integrated with some other tactic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343342
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromone of Palm Weevil, Dynamis borassi (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2287-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; Bursaphelenchus cocophilus ; coconut ; Cocos nucifera ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Dynamis borassi ; 4-methyl-5-nonanol ; palm weevils ; red ring disease ; red ring nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 4-Methyl-5-nonanol (1) is the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the palm weevil, Dynamis borassi (F.) from Colombia. The pheromone was identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of male- and female-produced volatiles, and comparative GC–mass spectrometry (MS) of weevil-produced 1. In field experiments in Colombia, traps baited with a stereoisomeric mixture of synthetic 1 (3 mg/day) plus sugarcane captured more weevils than traps baited with 1 or sugarcane alone, suggesting that pheromone and plant volatiles are synergistically attractive. Use of a chiral, stereoisomer-separating Cyclodex-B column in GC-EAD and GC-MS analyses revealed that D. borassi males produce, and antennae of males and females respond to (4S,5S)-1. Previously identified palm weevil (Rhynchophorus spp.) aggregation pheromones 5-methyl-4-octanol (cruentol) and 6-methyl-2-hepten-4-ol (rhynchophorol) also elicited antennal responses by D. borassi. In field experiments, D. borassi females were captured equally well in traps baited with sugarcane plus either 1, cruentol or rhynchophorol. In contrast, D. borassi males were captured most often in traps baited with sugarcane plus 1. Because D. borassi is a potential vector of the red ring nematode that causes the lethal red ring disease of palms, pheromone-based trapping of D. borassi could aid in monitoring or management of red ring disease in commercial palm plantations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006674.64858.f2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromone of Pityokteines elegans (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1333-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemical ; secondary attraction ; pheromone ; Pityokteines elegans ; enantiomer ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; ipsenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory bioassay experiments, the beetles Pityokteines elegans were attracted to volatiles captured from bolts of grand fir, Abies grandis, colonized by P. elegans males. Male-specific volatiles detected by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis and by GC–mass spectrometry employing a chiral column were: (S)-(−)-ipsenol, (+)- and (−)-ipsdienol, and ipsenone. Field experiments demonstrated that 1:1 combinations of (−)-ipsenol and (±)-ipsdienol strongly attracted insects of both sexes to multiple-funnel traps. No beetles were attracted to any of these compounds alone, and both enantiomers of ipsdienol were required with (−)-ipsenol to induce attraction. Ipsenol and ipsdienol are now reported as pheromones of five Pityokteines species. Specificity of semiochemical-based communication between sympatric P. elegans and P. minutus appears to be based on host preference and on the composition and chirality of the pheromone blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006467.79265.3c
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary Attraction of the Fir Engraver, Scolytus ventralis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1049-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; primary attraction ; kairomones ; Scolytus ventralis ; Thanasimus undatulus ; Abies grandis ; monoterpenes ; sesquiterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory bioassays, Porapak Q-captured and steam-distilled volatiles from the bark of host trees, Abies grandis, particularly from root-rot-infected trees, attracted 50–70% of male and female fir engravers, Scolytus ventralis. Gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of Porapak Q-captured bark volatiles revealed 19 EAD-active compounds of which 13 (mostly monoterpenes) were identified by GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In separate field experiments, multiple-funnel traps baited with two blends of these 13 synthetic volatiles released at 280 and 340 mg/ 24 hr attracted 66 and 93% of the total S. ventralis captured, respectively. The clerid predator, Thanasimus undulatus, also responded strongly to the kairomonal volatiles. Additional experiments produced no evidence for aggregation pheromones in S. ventralis. These included laboratory bioassays and GC and GC-EAD analyses of Porapak Q-captured volatiles from male- and female-infested logs or trees undergoing mass attack in the field, GC analyses and/or bioassays of extracts from female accessory glands, extracted volatiles from emerged, attacking and juvenile hormone-treated beetles of both sexes, and videotape analysis of the behavior of attacking beetles on the bark surface. We argue against the hypothesis of pheromone-mediated secondary attraction in S. ventralis and conclude that the attack dynamics of this species can be explained solely by its sensitive primary attraction response to host volatiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022354503443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromones and Host Kairomones of West Indian Sugarcane Weevil, Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 869-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Metamasius hemipterus sericeus ; aggregation pheromones ; pheromone chirality ; (4S, 5S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol ; 2-methyl-4-heptanol ; sugarcane ; ethyl acetate ; ethyl propionate ; ethyl butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) of volatiles produced by male and female West Indian sugarcane weevils (WISW), Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliv.), revealed eight male specific, EAD-active compounds: 3-pentanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 4-methyl-5-nonanol (4), and the corresponding ketones. In field experiments in Florida, alcohols 1–4 in combination with sugarcane were most attractive, whereas addition of the ketones or replacement of alcohols with ketones significantly reduced attraction. In Costa Rica field experiments testing alcohols 1–4 singly and in all binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations revealed 4 in combination with 2 was the major aggregation pheromone, equally attracting male and female WISW. Stereoisomeric 4 and (4S,5S)-4, the only isomer produced by WISW, were equally attractive. Addition of 4S-, 4R- or (±)-2 to (4S,5S)-4 significantly enhanced attraction. Sugarcane stalks in combination with 2 plus 4 (ratio of 1:8) were highly synergistic, whereas EAD-active sugarcane volatiles ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or ethyl butyrate only moderately increased attractiveness of the pheromone lure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006377.13235.4b
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