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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryolethality Following Maternal Exposure to Dibutyl Phthalate During Early Pregnancy in Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 636 -643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900381
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic surfactants for protecting cultured fish against toxic phytoplankton (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, which are surface-active agents, were chemically synthesized from fatty acids (C12-C18) on reaction with different moles of polyethylene oxides, and were tested for effectiveness against the toxic raphidophytes Chattonella marina (Subrahmanyan) Hara & Chihara and C. antiqua (Hada) Ono. The synthetic surfactants destroyed cultured cells from these two species. Although the synthetic surfactants also exhibited ichthyotoxicity, this was lowered by increasing the molarity of ethylene oxide (EO) in alkyl ester molecules. Young yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel, survived exposure to C. marina (5000-5500 cells mLT−1) or C. antiqua (3000-3500 cells mL−1) cultures with the addition of 4-5 p.p.m. oleyl ester EO 14, but died within an hour without the addition of this surfactant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00239.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lock-in amplifier with autotracking bandpass filter (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 4021-4022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple, low-cost lock-in amplifier was described. This system has an autotracking bandpass filter which synchronizes its center frequency automatically with the reference frequency © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147268
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and polarization dependence of LiNbO3 quasiphase-matched wavelength converters (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1933-1935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature and polarization characteristics of 1.55-μm-band LiNbO3 quasiphase-matched (QPM) wavelength converters have been studied by second-harmonic generation (SHG). It is found that the shift of the QPM wavelength is linearly proportional to temperature over the measured temperature range between 10 and 40 °C, with a temperature tolerance (corresponding to a 3 dB reduction in the QPM conversion efficiency) of greater than 10 °C for a 10-mm-long device. With respect to the angle θ of the injected fundamental light polarization direction, the SHG power changes as a function of sin4 θ, with a tolerance of over 60°. Theoretical explanations for the observed results are also presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123732
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-Type Natriuretic Peptide/Guanylate Cyclase B System in Rat Osteogenic ROB-C26 Cells and its Down-Regulation by Dexamethazone (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 472-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: C-type natriuretic peptide — Guanylate cyclase-B — Osteogenic cell — ROB-C26 — Dexamethasone.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. There is recent evidence that natriuretic peptides are important regulators of bone and cartilage, although they were originally identified as the cardiac hormones causing natriuresis and hypotension. Three members of natriuretic peptide family are known: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). The biologically active receptors for these peptides are particulate guanylate cyclases; the two known types are GC-A and GC-B. ANP and BNP have high affinities for GC-A, and CNP is the preferred ligand for GC-B. In this paper we report the results of our study of the expression and possible role(s) of natriuretic peptides in the ROB-C26 cell, which is an osteogenic cell line with multiple potentials for differentiating into myoblast, osteoblast, and adipocyte. ROB-C26 cells produced cGMP in response to natriuretic peptides at both their basal state and after enhanced differentiation into osteoblast which was induced by bone morphogenetic protein [(BMP)-2]. CNP was far more potent than ANP in cGMP production. In contrast, enhanced differentiation into adipocyte by dexamethasone resulted in the marked decrease in their responsiveness to natriuretic peptides. Although the messages for GC-A and GC-B were demonstrated by Northern blot analysis at both the basal stage and after BMP treatment, they were down-regulated after dexamethasone treatment. The presence of CNP was shown by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in ROB-C26 cells. C3H10T1/2, which is another and more primitive mesenchymal cell line, also produced cGMP in response to CNP, and less potently to ANP. Culturing ROB-C26 cells with CNP or 8-bromo cGMP decreased [3H]thymidine uptake and slightly increased the message for alkaline phosphatase, which is a marker for osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the CNP/GC-B system is preferentially expressed in the cells of osteogenic lineage and their expression is down-regulated with differentiation into adipocyte lineage. The CNP/GC-B system is likely to be an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblast growth and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase Specificity of Developmental Toxicity After Oral Administration of Mono-n-Butyl Phthalate in Rats (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1996), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to further characterize the developmental toxicity of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBuP), which is one of the major metabolites of n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Pregnant rats were given MBuP by gastric intubation at a dose of 500, 625 or 750 mg/kg on days 7–9, days 10–12, or days 13–15 of pregnancy. A significantly increased incidence of postimplantation loss was noted in pregnant rats given MBuP on days 7–9 and days 10–12 at doses of 625 mg/kg and above and on days 13–15 at doses of 500 mg/kg and above. No evidence of teratogenicity was found when MBuP was given on days 10–12 of pregnancy. A significantly increased incidence of fetuses with external malformations was found after treatment with MBuP on days 7–9 and days 13–15 at doses of 625 and 750 mg/kg. A significantly increased incidence of fetuses with skeletal malformations was observed after treatment with MBuP on days 7–9 at doses of 500 mg/kg and above and on days 13–15 at doses of 625 mg/kg and above. Deformity of the cervical vertebrae was predominantly observed following treatment with MBuP on days 7–9. Cleft palate and fusion of the sternebrae were exclusively found following treatment with MBuP on days 13–15. It could be concluded that the manifestation of deviant development induced by MBuP varies with the developmental stage at the time of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212362
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase specificity of developmental toxicity after oral administration of mono-n-butyl phthalate in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1996), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to further characterize the developmental toxicity of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBuP), which is one of the major metabolites of n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Pregnant rats were given MBuP by gastric intubation at a dose of 500, 625 or 750 mg/kg on days 7–9, days 10–12, or days 13–15 of pregnancy. A significantly increased incidence of postimplantation loss was noted in pregnant rats given MBuP on days 7–9 and days 10–12 at doses of 625 mg/kg and above and on days 13–15 at doses of 500 mg/kg and above. No evidence of teratogenicity was found when MBuP was given on days 10–12 of pregnancy. A significantly increased incidence of fetuses with external malformations was found after treatment with MBuP on days 7–9 and days 13–15 at doses of 625 and 750 mg/kg. A significantly increased incidence of fetuses with skeletal malformations was observed after treatment with MBuP on days 7–9 at doses of 500 mg/kg and above and on days 13–15 at doses of 625 mg/kg and above. Deformity of the cervical vertebrae was predominantly observed following treatment with MBuP on days 7–9. Cleft palate and fusion of the sternebrae were exclusively found following treatment with MBuP on days 13–15. It could be concluded that the manifestation of deviant development induced by MBuP varies with the developmental stage at the time of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212362
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of carbonic anhydrase isozymes VI and II during development of the rat salivary glands (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 110 (1998), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Secreted carbonic anhydrase (isozyme VI; CA VI) was localized by immunohistochemistry in the developing postnatal rat submandibular and parotid glands using a specific monoclonal antibody to the rat enzyme. CA VI immunostaining was not detectable in the glands before birth. In the submandibular gland, granular immunostaining for CA VI was detectable in several terminal tubule cells of 1-day-old rats. At 1 week, the CA VI-positive cells were located at the periphery of the terminal tubules and appeared to be budding off the tubules. These cellular buds gradually increased, and, by 4 weeks, formed acini. CA VI was also detected in the duct lumen from day 1. The immunostaining in the parotid gland was detected sporadically in the acinar cells at 2 or 3 weeks. By 4 weeks, when the gland was almost indistinguishable from the adult one, the number of positive acinar cells had increased. Their number, however, was far smaller than in the adult gland, and the enzyme could not be detected in the duct lumen. CA II was also localized using specific antibodies to the rat isozyme. CA II was detectable in the inter- and intralobular striated ducts at 2 weeks after birth in the submandibular gland and at 3 weeks in the parotid gland. These results suggset that CA VI is secreted into saliva from soon after birth and that CA II appears in parallel with the functional maturation of the ducts. In addition, CA II was transiently expressed by the cellular buds of the submandibular gland at 2 and 3 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050268
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the Day of Administration on the Developmental Toxicity of Tributyltin Chloride in Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptible day for the teratogenicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCI) by a single administration on one of the days during organogenesis. Pregnant rats were given a single dose of TBTCI by gastric intubation at 100 mg/kg on either day 7, day 8, or day 9 and at 200 mg/kg on either day 7, day 8, day 9, day 10, day 11, day 12, day 13, day 14, or day 15 of pregnancy. The maternal body weight gain in the period immediately following administration in all TBTCI-treated groups was significantly decreased. A significant increase in the incidence of postimplantation loss was found after administration of TBTCI on day 7, day 8, and day 9 at 100 and 200 mg/kg and on day 10 and day 11 at 200 mg/kg. A significantly increased incidence of fetuses with external malformations was detected when TBTCI was given on day 8 at 100 and 200 mg/kg and on day 11, day 12, day 13, and day 14 at 200 mg/kg, and the most pronounced effect occurred after administration on day 13 of pregnancy. Cleft palate was observed exclusively after administration during late organogenesis. It could be concluded that the manifestation and susceptibility of the developmental toxicity of TBTCI vary with the developmental stages at the time of administration and that TBTCI has the biphasic sensitivity to teratogenicity on day 8 and days 11–14 of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900228
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Early Embryonic Loss Induced by Tributyltin Chloride in Rats: Phase- and Dose-Dependent Antifertility Effects (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 94-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In our previous study, tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) on days 0–7 of pregnancy was found to produce implantation failure in rats. The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptible period for the antifertility effect of TBTCl in rats. Inseminated females were orally administered TBTCl at 8.1, 16.3, or 32.5 mg/kg on days 0–3 of pregnancy, or at 8.1, 16.3, 32.5, or 65.1 mg/kg on days 4–7 of pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome was determined on day 20 of pregnancy. Dosing with TBTCl on days 0–3 of pregnancy at 16.3 mg/kg and higher produced a significant increase in the rate of implantation failure. Dosing with TBTCl on days 4–7 of pregnancy caused a significant increase in the incidence of postimplantation loss at 16.3 mg/kg and higher in females with implantations. No increase in the incidence of fetal malformations was found in any TBTCl-treated groups. It could be concluded that the susceptibility to and manifestation of the antifertility effects of TBTCl vary with the gestational stage at the time of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900290
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